The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Gravity and Information

Various contenders for a complete theory of quantum gravity are at odds with each other. This is in particular seen in the ways they relate to information and black holes, and how to effectively treat quantization of the background spacetime. Modern perspectives on black hole evaporation suggest that quantum gravity effects in the near-horizon region can perturb the local geometry. The approaches differ, however, in the time scale on which one can expect these effects to become important. This panel session presents three points of view on these problems, and considers the ultimate prospect of observational tests in the near future.

[1]  Jonathan L. Feng,et al.  Detecting microscopic black holes with neutrino telescopes , 2002, hep-ph/0202081.

[2]  G. Hooft.  Strings from gravity , 1987 .

[3]  S. Giddings.  Black holes, quantum information, and unitary evolution , 2012, 1201.1037.

[4]  Quantization in black hole backgrounds , 2007, hep-th/0703116.

[5]  P. Nicolini,et al.  Noncommutative geometry inspired Schwarzschild black hole , 2005, gr-qc/0510112.

[6]  P. Kanti.  Black Holes at the LHC , 2008, 0802.2218.

[7]  G. Hooft.  Unitarity of the black hole scattering matrix. , 1992 .

[8]  C. Rovelli,et al.  Spacetime thermodynamics without hidden degrees of freedom , 2014, 1401.5262.

[9]  S. Giddings.  Models for unitary black hole disintegration , 2011, 1108.2015.

[10]  S. Giddings.  Statistical physics of black holes as quantum-mechanical systems , 2013, 1308.3488.

[11]  J. Polchinski,et al.  Black holes: complementarity or firewalls? , 2012, Journal of High Energy Physics.

[12]  D. Gingrich.  Noncommutative geometry inspired black holes in higher dimensions at the LHC , 2010, 1003.1798.

[13]  V. Frolov.  Cosmic strings and energy mining from black holes , 2002 .

[14]  Black hole evaporation without an event horizon , 2014, 1406.4098.

[15]  The Ligo Scientific Collaboration,et al.  GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence , 2016, 1606.04855.

[16]  H. Verlinde,et al.  Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as topological entanglement entropy , 2013, 1308.2342.

[17]  P. Nicolini.  Noncommutative Black Holes, The Final Appeal To Quantum Gravity: A Review , 2008, 0807.1939.

[18]  Thomas Appelquist.  Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity , 2008 .

[19]  V. Frolov,et al.  Spherically Symmetric Collapse in Quantum Gravity , 1981 .

[20]  Gravity and the Thermodynamics of Horizons , 2003, gr-qc/0311036.

[21]  Jacobson,et al.  Thermodynamics of spacetime: The Einstein equation of state. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[22]  C. Isham.  LOOPS, KNOTS, GAUGE THEORIES AND QUANTUM GRAVITY (Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics) , 1999 .

[23]  Evanescent black holes. , 1991, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[24]  P. Nicolini,et al.  Non-commutative geometry inspired higher-dimensional charged black holes , 2008, 0801.3519.

[25]  Samir D. Mathur.  The Fuzzball proposal for black holes: An Elementary review , 2005 .

[26]  G. Hooft.  The Quantum Black Hole as a Hydrogen Atom: Microstates Without Strings Attached , 2016, 1605.05119.

[27]  B. Carr,et al.  Sub-Planckian black holes and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle , 2015, 1504.07637.

[28]  J. Anandan,et al.  Quantum Coherenece and Reality, In Celebration of the 60th Birthday of Yakir Aharonov , 1995 .

[29]  G. Amelino-Camelia.  Quantum-Spacetime Phenomenology , 2008, Living reviews in relativity.

[30]  S. Giddings.  Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective , 2015, 1503.08207.

[31]  Suvi-Leena Lehtinen.  Introduction to loop quantum gravity , 2012 .

[32]  J. Narlikar,et al.  High energy radiation from white holes , 1974, Nature.

[33]  G. Hooft.  On the Quantum Structure of a Black Hole , 1985 .

[34]  Gerard 't Hooft,et al.  The black hole interpretation of string theory , 1990 .

[35]  P. Mazur,et al.  Gravitational vacuum condensate stars. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  S. Giddings.  Nonlocality versus complementarity: a conservative approach to the information problem , 2009, 0911.3395.

[37]  W. Unruh,et al.  How to mine energy from a black hole , 1983 .

[38]  A. Ashtekar,et al.  Black hole evaporation: a paradigm , 2005, gr-qc/0504029.

[39]  G. Hooft.  Ambiguity of the equivalence principle and Hawking's temperature , 1984 .

[40]  Black holes and sub-millimeter dimensions , 1998, hep-th/9808138.

[41]  S. Giddings.  Black holes and massive remnants. , 1992, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[42]  J. Pullin,et al.  Loop quantization of the Schwarzschild black hole. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[43]  S. Giddings.  Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization , 2015, 1511.08221.

[44]  S. Giddings.  Nonviolent information transfer from black holes: A field theory parametrization , 2013, 1302.2613.

[45]  S. Hawking.  Particle creation by black holes , 1975 .

[46]  L. Modesto.  Black Hole Interior from Loop Quantum Gravity , 2006, gr-qc/0611043.

[47]  S. Giddings,et al.  Diffeomorphism-invariant observables and their nonlocal algebra , 2015, 1507.07921.

[48]  S. Giddings,et al.  Observables, gravitational dressing, and obstructions to locality and subsystems , 2016, 1607.01025.

[49]  C. Rovelli,et al.  Planck stars , 2014, 1401.6562.

[50]  Steven B. Giddings,et al.  The gravitational S-matrix: Erice lectures , 2011, 1105.2036.

[51]  Willy Fischler,et al.  A Model for High Energy Scattering in Quantum Gravity , 1999 .

[52]  Quantum Mechanics of Black Holes , 1994, hep-th/9412138.

[53]  E. Álvarez,et al.  Quantum Gravity , 2004, gr-qc/0405107.

[54]  T. Jacobson,et al.  Might black holes reveal their inner secrets , 2010, 1006.1763.

[55]  Savas Dimopoulos,et al.  Phenomenology, astrophysics and cosmology of theories with submillimeter dimensions and TeV scale quantum gravity , 1998, hep-ph/9807344.

[56]  Entanglement entropy production in gravitational collapse: covariant regularization and solvable models , 2014, 1409.0144.

[57]  G. ’t Hooft.  The Scattering Matrix Approach for the Quantum Black Hole an Overview , 1996 .

[58]  L. Randall,et al.  An Alternative to compactification , 1999, hep-th/9906064.

[59]  S. Mathur.  Fuzzballs and the information paradox: A Summary and conjectures , 2008, 0810.4525.

[60]  C. R. Stephens,et al.  Black hole evaporation without information loss , 1993, gr-qc/9310006.

[61]  S. Giddings.  Universal quantum mechanics , 2007, 0711.0757.

[62]  S. Giddings.  Possible observational windows for quantum effects from black holes , 2014, 1406.7001.

[63]  S. Giddings,et al.  The Gravitational S-matrix , 2009, 0908.0004.

[64]  Mining energy from a black hole by strings , 2000, hep-th/0012260.

[65]  D Huet,et al.  GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence , 2016 .

[66]  L. Smolin,et al.  Conservative solutions to the black hole information problem , 2009, 0901.3156.

[67]  T. Rizzo.  Noncommutative Inspired Black Holes in Extra Dimensions , 2006, hep-ph/0606051.

[68]  Quantum information transfer and models for black hole mechanics , 2012, 1205.4732.

[69]  S. Giddings,et al.  Effective field theory models for nonviolent information transfer from black holes , 2013, 1310.5700.

[70]  H. Verlinde,et al.  Black hole entanglement and quantum error correction , 2012, 1211.6913.

[71]  (Non)perturbative gravity, nonlocality, and nice slices , 2006, hep-th/0606146.

[72]  V. Frolov.  Information loss problem and a ‘black hole’ model with a closed apparent horizon , 2014, 1402.5446.

[73]  S. Giddings.  Is String Theory a Theory of Quantum Gravity? , 2011, 1105.6359.

[74]  Black hole production by cosmic rays. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[75]  M. Kowalski,et al.  Black holes at neutrino telescopes , 2002, hep-ph/0201139.

[76]  S. Giddings.  Gravitational wave tests of quantum modifications to black hole structure—with post-GW150914 update , 2016, 1602.03622.

[77]  D. Psaltis,et al.  Event Horizon Telescope observations as probes for quantum structure of astrophysical black holes , 2016, 1606.07814.

[78]  Hal M. Haggard,et al.  Quantum-gravity effects outside the horizon spark black to white hole tunneling , 2014, 1407.0989.

[79]  G. Landsberg,et al.  Black holes at the Large Hadron Collider. , 2001 .

[80]  R. Bousso.  The Holographic principle , 2002, hep-th/0203101.

[81]  S. Hayward.  Formation and evaporation of nonsingular black holes. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[82]  Planck star phenomenology , 2014, 1404.5821.

[83]  D. Lüst,et al.  Gravitational black hole hair from event horizon supertranslations , 2016, 1601.03725.

[84]  J. T. Childers,et al.  Search for high-mass diboson resonances with boson-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector , 2015 .

[85]  Brandon Carter,et al.  The four laws of black hole mechanics , 1973 .

[86]  Eugenio Bianchi.  Black hole entropy from graviton entanglement , 2012, 1211.0522.

[87]  Hal M. Haggard,et al.  Quantum Gravity Effects around Sagittarius A , 2016, 1607.00364.

[88]  G. Hooft.  Black Hole Unitarity and Antipodal Entanglement , 2016, 1601.03447.

[89]  Von Welch,et al.  Reproducing GW150914: The First Observation of Gravitational Waves From a Binary Black Hole Merger , 2016, Computing in Science & Engineering.

[90]  S. Mathur.  A model with no firewall , 2015, 1506.04342.

[91]  Rudolf Haag,et al.  Local quantum physics : fields, particles, algebras , 1993 .

[92]  G. Hooft.  Diagonalizing the Black Hole Information Retrieval Process , 2015, 1509.01695.

[93]  Black hole information, unitarity, and nonlocality , 2006, hep-th/0605196.

[94]  Savas Dimopoulos,et al.  The Hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter , 1998, hep-ph/9803315.

[95]  P. Nicolini,et al.  Could Any Black Holes Be Produced at the LHC , 2011, 1111.5830.

[96]  Quantum emission from two-dimensional black holes. , 1992, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[97]  P. Nicolini,et al.  Hawking emission from quantum gravity black holes , 2011, 1108.4419.

[98]  Robert C. Myers,et al.  On the architecture of spacetime geometry , 2012, 1212.5183.

[99]  G. Hooft,et al.  The gravitational shock wave of a massless particle , 1985 .

[100]  L. Garay,et al.  The lifetime problem of evaporating black holes: mutiny or resignation , 2014, 1409.1501.

[101]  F. Vidotto,et al.  Black holes in Asymptotically Safe Gravity , 2015, 1503.06472.

[102]  Locality in quantum gravity and string theory , 2006, hep-th/0604072.

[103]  S. Dimopoulos,et al.  THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS NEW DIMENSIONS AT A MILLIMETER TO A FERMI AND SUPERSTRINGS AT A TeV , 2005 .

[104]  L. Susskind.  The Transfer of Entanglement: The Case for Firewalls , 2012, 1210.2098.

[105]  C. Rovelli,et al.  Fast Radio Bursts and White Hole Signals , 2014, 1409.4031.

[106]  J. Maldacena.  The Large-N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity , 1997, hep-th/9711200.

[107]  Claus Kiefer,et al.  Modern Canonical Quantum General Relativity , 2008 .

[108]  Information recovery from black holes , 2006, hep-th/0604045.

[109]  Scott D. Thomas,et al.  High-energy colliders as black hole factories: The End of short distance physics , 2001, hep-ph/0106219.

[110]  J. Maldacena.  The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity , 1998 .

[111]  I. Kobzarev,et al.  On the gravitational field of a massless particle , 1974 .

[112]  Stephen W Hawking,et al.  Soft Hair on Black Holes. , 2016, Physical review letters.

[113]  L. Susskind.  The world as a hologram , 1994, hep-th/9409089.

[114]  A. Ashtekar.  Introduction to loop quantum gravity and cosmology , 2012, 1201.4598.

[115]  M. Isi,et al.  Self-completeness and the generalized uncertainty principle , 2013, Journal of High Energy Physics.

[116]  C. Rovelli,et al.  Covariant Loop Quantum Gravity , 2014 .

[117]  L. Maccione,et al.  Quantum Gravity phenomenology: achievements and challenges , 2011, 1105.6234.

[118]  T.Padmanabhan.  Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New insights , 2009, 0911.5004.

[119]  L. Randall,et al.  A Large mass hierarchy from a small extra dimension , 1999, hep-ph/9905221.