The measurement & conceptualization of destination personality

Abstract Although brand personality has long been postulated in the marketing literature to have a significant effect on the consumer purchase process, the use of a personality construct in the tourism field to understand the tourist's preference and intentions is relatively new. The purpose of this study is to examine critically the concept of destination personality (DP). To explore the measurement and conceptualization techniques of destination personality DP, an extended review of destination personality studies has been summarized. In the process, the strengths and weaknesses of procedures used to define and measure destination personality are assessed. Consequently, suggestions for improving the manner in which destination personality is conceptualized and measured are proposed. These suggestions should be helpful to destination marketers building successful branding and positioning strategies for destinations. Arguably, this study is the first attempt to define the meaning and conceptualization of destination personality based on an extensive literature review.

[1]  Pierre Benckendorff,et al.  Using Brand Personality to Differentiate Regional Tourism Destinations , 2007 .

[2]  M. J. Y. Guillén,et al.  Destination Brand Personality: An Application to Spanish Tourism , 2016 .

[3]  D. Mohr,et al.  Personality trait inferences about organizations: development of a measure and assessment of construct validity. , 2004, The Journal of applied psychology.

[4]  Soyeon Kim,et al.  Projected and Perceived Destination Brand Personalities , 2013 .

[5]  Yvan Boivin,et al.  A free response approach to the measurement of brand perceptions , 1986 .

[6]  Yuksel Ekinci,et al.  Destination image and destination personality. , 2007 .

[7]  Maurice Patterson.  Re-appraising the concept of brand image , 1999 .

[8]  Linda L. Price,et al.  The Role of Imagery in Information Processing: Review and Extensions , 1987 .

[9]  Kyriaki Kaplanidou,et al.  The Impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on China’s Destination Brand , 2013 .

[10]  Judy A. Siguaw,et al.  The Brand-Personality Scale , 1999 .

[11]  Robert A. Opoku,et al.  Mapping Destination Personality in Cyberspace: An Evaluation of Country Web Sites Using Correspondence Analysis , 2009 .

[12]  L. Cai.  Cooperative branding for rural destinations , 2002 .

[13]  A. d’Astous,et al.  A scale for measuring store personality , 2003 .

[14]  Jin-Soo Lee,et al.  Toward The Perspective Of Cognitive Destination Image And Destination Personality: The Case Of Beijing , 2013 .

[15]  S. Fournier,et al.  Consumers and Their Brands: Developing Relationship Theory in Consumer Research , 1998 .

[16]  A. d’Astous,et al.  Positioning countries on personality dimensions: Scale development and implications for country marketing , 2007 .

[17]  Fethi Klabi.  The predictive power of destination-personality-congruity on tourist preference: a global approach to destination image branding , 2012 .

[18]  Yuksel Ekinci,et al.  Host image and destination personality. , 2007 .

[19]  E. L. Landon,et al.  Self Concept, Ideal Self Concept, and Consumer Purchase Intentions , 1974 .

[20]  Gopal Das,et al.  Impact of retailer personality on consumer‐based retailer equity , 2012 .

[21]  J. Aaker,et al.  Dimensions of Brand Personality , 1997 .

[22]  Charlotte M. Echtner,et al.  The meaning and measurement of destination image. , 2003 .

[23]  Ching-Fu Chen,et al.  A closer look at destination: Image, personality, relationship and loyalty , 2013 .

[24]  P. Boyer.  What Makes Anthropomorphism Natural: Intuitive Ontology and Cultural Representations , 1996 .

[25]  J. Crompton.  An Assessment of the Image of Mexico as a Vacation Destination and the Influence of Geographical Location Upon That Image , 1979 .

[26]  Kevin Lane Keller,et al.  The importance of corporate brand personality traits to a successful 21st century business , 2006 .

[27]  M. D. Moya,et al.  When tourists are your “friends”: Exploring the brand personality of Mexico and Brazil on Facebook , 2013 .

[28]  Shenghong Ye.  The impact of destination personality dimensions on destination brand awareness and attractiveness: Australia as a case study , 2012 .

[29]  Nicola E. Stokburger-Sauer.  The relevance of visitors’ nation brand embeddedness and personality congruence for nation brand identification, visit intentions and advocacy , 2011 .

[30]  Yuksel Ekinci,et al.  Destination Personality: An Application of Brand Personality to Tourism Destinations , 2006 .

[31]  Ahmet Usakli,et al.  Brand personality of tourist destinations: An application of self-congruity theory , 2011 .

[32]  Şafak Şahin.  Brand personality and destination image of Istanbul: A comparison across nationalities , 2008 .

[33]  Joseph T. Plummer.  How Personality Makes a Difference , 2000, Journal of Advertising Research.

[34]  Kevin Lane Keller.  Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity , 1993 .

[35]  L. Pitt,et al.  What I say about myself: communication of brand personality by African countries. , 2007 .

[36]  Bernadette Park.  A Method for Studying the Development of Impressions of Real People , 1986 .

[37]  Yuksel Ekinci,et al.  Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places , 2006 .

[38]  Nicolas Papadopoulos,et al.  The U.S. brand personality: A Sino perspective , 2013 .

[39]  M. Sirgy,et al.  Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review , 1982 .

[40]  G. Hankinson.  Relational network brands: Towards a conceptual model of place brands , 2004 .

[41]  P. Benckendorff,et al.  Destination brand personality: visitor perceptions of a regional tourism destination , 2007 .

[42]  P. Benckendorff,et al.  Linking Travel Motivation, Tourist Self-Image and Destination Brand Personality , 2007 .

[43]  V. Benet‐Martínez,et al.  Consumption symbols as carriers of culture: a study of Japanese and Spanish brand personality constructs. , 2001 .

[44]  David A. Aaker,et al.  Converting Image Into Equity , 2013 .

[45]  D. Papadimitriou,et al.  Destination Personality, Affective Image, and Behavioral Intentions in Domestic Urban Tourism , 2015 .

[46]  J. Aaker,et al.  The Malleable Self: The Role of Self-Expression in Persuasion , 1999 .

[47]  D. Aaker.  Building Strong Brands , 1995 .