Using virtual menus in a virtual environment

Virtual environment interfaces to computer programs in several diverse application areas are currently being developed. The users of virtual environments will require many different methods to interact with the environments and the objects in them. This paper reports on our use of virtual menus as a method of interacting with virtual environments. Several aspects of virtual environments make menu interactions different from interactions with conventional menus. We review the relevant aspects of conventional menus and virtual environments, in order to provide a frame of reference for the design of virtual menus. We discuss the features and interaction methodologies of two different versions of virtual menus which have been developed and used in our lab. We also examine the problems associated with our original version, and the enhancements incorporated into our current version.

[1]  Mark G. Rawlins,et al.  Communications and Graphics , 1985 .

[2]  Michitaka Hirose,et al.  A Study on Visualization of Control Software Design , 1989, MIT-JSME Workshop.

[3]  Allen Newell,et al.  The psychology of human-computer interaction , 1983 .

[4]  イントランス Human interface guidelines : the apple desktop interface , 1989 .

[5]  Robert W. Bailey,et al.  Placement of Menu Choices , 1991 .

[6]  Alan Freedman The computer glossary: The complete illustrated desk reference , 1989 .

[7]  Sidney L. Smith,et al.  Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software , 1986 .

[8]  Ann Macintosh,et al.  Human interface guidelines: the apple desktop interface , 1987 .

[9]  Neff Walker,et al.  A comparison of selection time from walking and pull-down menus , 1990, CHI '90.

[10]  國井 利泰 Computer graphics : visual technology and art , 1985 .

[11]  G. Perlman Making the right choices with menus , 1987 .

[12]  F. P. Brooks,et al.  Grasping reality through illusion—interactive graphics serving science , 1988, CHI '88.

[13]  Warren Robinett,et al.  Virtual environment display system , 1987, I3D '86.

[14]  Benjamin L. Somberg,et al.  A comparison of rule-based and positionally constant arrangements of computer menu items , 1986, CHI '87.

[15]  David Trubitt Into new worlds: virtual reality and the electronic musician , 1990 .

[16]  Steve Bryson,et al.  The virtual windtunnel-an environment for the exploration of three-dimensional unsteady flows , 1991, Proceeding Visualization '91.

[17]  M. Weiser,et al.  An empirical comparison of pie vs. linear menus , 1988, CHI '88.

[18]  Nick Hammond,et al.  Dialogue Design: Characteristics of User Knowledge , 1985 .

[19]  Albert Josiah Harris,et al.  Into new worlds , 1970 .

[20]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction , 1998 .

[21]  Frederick P. Brooks,et al.  Walkthrough—a dynamic graphics system for simulating virtual buildings , 1987, I3D '86.