Phytochemical Screening Chromatographic Profiling and Pharmacognostic Analysis on Leaves of Lantana camara Linn

The ethnomedicinally highly dependable and toxic herb Lantana camara was studied for its phytochemical pharmacologic profile to establish some of the profile of the variety found in North-central Sahel Savana region of Nigeria. Extraction was done on the leaves of Lantana camara using ethylacetate and methanol as solvents respectively. Extraction of the volatile oil from the leaves was also carried out using the Clevenger’s hydro distillation apparatus. Phytochemical screening analysis test was carried out on the crude extract of L. camara, using standard protocol and the MPR & TM manual, indicating the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, steroids, reducing sugar, flavonoids, terpene and saponin. TLC was conducted on the volatile oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of L. camara using hexane: ethyl acetate (5:1), hexane: ethyl acetate (1:4), ethyl acetate: methanol (9:1). The volatile oil and ethyl acetate extracts showed 5 spots while 3 spots were seen on the chromatogram of the methanolic extract. The Pharmacognostic analysis carried out on the plant sample indicated 18% moisture content, 15.2% water extractive value and 9% alcoholic extractive value. Its ash content was 11.25%. The leave microscopy indicated the presence of stomata, irregular epidermal cells, glandular trichomes, and trichome types on the abaxial layer and abundant stomata, glandular trichome, striated cell, wavy epidermal cells and abundant oil globules on the adaxial layer.