Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases and Application of Technology for Early Diagnosis

Cardiovascular diseases result in millions of deaths around the globe annually, most of which are avoidable if identified early. Preventive healthcare has a major role in the fight against cardiovascular diseases. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention have their own applications along with benefits and drawbacks. This paper aims to elevate the sensitivity of “secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.” Firstly, it discusses common types of cardiovascular diseases around the globe and their causes. Secondly, it analyzes different risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases and then discusses incoming technological trends in cardiovascular disease prediction and finally provides an insight into the importance of secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and commonly prescribed interventions for high risk patients.

[1]  Á. Háy,et al.  Sex , 1980 .

[2]  Giuliano Armano,et al.  Early diagnosis of heart disease using classification and regression trees , 2013, The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN).

[3]  Daniel Levy,et al.  Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease , 1999, The Lancet.

[4]  Ronald M. Krauss,et al.  American Heart Association Call to Action: Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease , 1998 .

[5]  Enrique Sanchez-Delgado,et al.  Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease , 1999, The Lancet.

[6]  M. Scheuner Genetic predisposition to coronary artery disease. , 2001, Current opinion in cardiology.

[7]  R. Mikolajczyk,et al.  Association between Embolic Stroke Patterns, ESUS Etiology, and New Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Find-AF Trial , 2017, Stroke research and treatment.

[8]  E. Adashi,et al.  Noncommunicable Diseases , 2015, Seminars in Reproductive Medicine.

[9]  E. Vartiainen,et al.  Twenty-Year Dynamics of Serum Cholesterol Levels in the Middle-Aged Population of Eastern Finland , 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[10]  R. Magno,et al.  Coronary heart disease , 1957 .

[11]  J. Murabito,et al.  Lifetime Risk for Developing Congestive Heart Failure: The Framingham Heart Study , 2002, Circulation.

[12]  E. Vartiainen,et al.  Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14 786 middle-aged men and women in Finland. , 1999, Circulation.

[13]  V. Cherian Heart Disease Prediction Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm and Laplace Smoothing Technique , 2017 .

[14]  Richard Barnett Diabetes , 1904, The Lancet.

[15]  J. Murabito,et al.  Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predictive for Survival and Morbidity‐Free Survival in the Oldest‐Old Framingham Heart Study Participants , 2005, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[16]  S. Gidding,et al.  Preventing Heart Disease in the 21st Century: Implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Study , 2008, Circulation.

[17]  J. Caldwell,et al.  Coronary Artery Disease in People With Diabetes: Diagnostic and Risk Factor Evaluation , 1999 .

[18]  John W McEvoy,et al.  An analysis of calibration and discrimination among multiple cardiovascular risk scores in a modern multiethnic cohort. , 2015, Annals of internal medicine.

[19]  W. Kannel,et al.  Diabetes, blood lipids, and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women. The Framingham study. , 1977, Annals of internal medicine.

[20]  R. R. Rajalaxmi,et al.  Feature selection using Artificial Bee Colony for cardiovascular disease classification , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS).

[21]  Miss A.O. Penney (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[22]  D L McGee,et al.  Diabetes and Glucose Tolerance as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Study , 1979, Diabetes Care.

[23]  O. Franco,et al.  Sex differences in lifetime risk and first manifestation of cardiovascular disease: prospective population based cohort study , 2014, BMJ : British Medical Journal.