Knowledge Management, Learning Behavior from Failure and New Product Development in New Technology Ventures

This research examines how knowledge management influences new product development (NPD) in new technology ventures. Researchers demonstrate that knowledge management is a critical antecedent of NPD. However, few studies have explored the role of knowledge management in NPD from a behavioral perspective. By employing experiential learning theory, this research develops a conceptual model to study the relationships between knowledge management, learning behavior arising from failures, and new ventures' NPD performance. Using a sample of 176 new high-tech technology ventures, the theoretical model is examined. The findings show that, for new technology ventures, knowledge acquisition facilitates NPD performance positively and that the relationship is partially mediated by learning behavior from failures. In addition, it is demonstrated that knowledge application plays a moderating role between learning behavior from failure and NPD. Both the theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  I. Mitroff,et al.  Preparing for evil. , 2003, Harvard business review.

[2]  Terry M. Coalter,et al.  Context, Cognition, and Common Method Variance: Psychometric and Verbal Protocol Evidence , 1996 .

[3]  Ling Li,et al.  Effects of enterprise technology on supply chain collaboration: analysis of China-linked supply chain , 2012, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[4]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[5]  K. R. Conner,et al.  A Resource-Based Theory of the Firm: Knowledge Versus Opportunism , 1996 .

[6]  Peter F. Merenda,et al.  A Guide to the Proper Use of Factor Analysis in the Conduct and Reporting of Research: Pitfalls to Avoid , 1997 .

[7]  Eric W. K. Tsang Acquiring Knowledge by Foreign Partners from International Joint Ventures in a Transition Economy: Learning-by-Doing and Learning Myopia , 2002 .

[8]  Jiangping Wan,et al.  Managing IT service management implementation complexity: from the perspective of the Warfield Version of systems science , 2013, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[9]  Haiyang Li,et al.  The adoption of agency business activity, product innovation, and performance in Chinese technology ventures , 2002 .

[10]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING AND INNOVATION , 1990 .

[11]  Shaker A. Zahra,et al.  Enriching strategic variety in new ventures through external knowledge , 2012 .

[12]  Pilar Jerez-Gómez,et al.  Organizational learning capability: a proposal of measurement , 2005 .

[13]  Giorgos Lepouras,et al.  Wikis in enterprise settings: a survey , 2012, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[14]  R. Grant Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal (17), pp. , 1996 .

[15]  Lida Xu,et al.  An Integrated Approach to Snowmelt Flood Forecasting in Water Resource Management , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[16]  Rita Gunther McGrath Falling Forward: Real Options Reasoning and Entrepreneurial Failure , 1999 .

[17]  Liisa Välikangas,et al.  Internal Corporate Venturing Cycles: A Nagging Strategic Leadership Challenge , 2005 .

[18]  Okyay Kaynak,et al.  Oil well diagnosis by sensing terminal characteristics of the induction motor , 2000, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[19]  Hao Yu,et al.  Advantages of Radial Basis Function Networks for Dynamic System Design , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[20]  Laura B. Cardinal,et al.  RETROSPECTIVE REPORTS IN ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH: A REEXAMINATION OF RECENT EVIDENCE , 1997 .

[21]  Kevin Zheng Zhou,et al.  How knowledge affects radical innovation: Knowledge base, market knowledge acquisition, and internal knowledge sharing , 2012 .

[22]  F. Rothaermel,et al.  The Effect of General and Partner-Specific Alliance Experience on Joint R&D Project Performance , 2005 .

[23]  Abraham Carmeli,et al.  Linking leader inclusiveness to work unit performance: The importance of psychological safety and learning from failures , 2012 .

[24]  Lida Xu,et al.  Business Intelligence for Enterprise Systems: A Survey , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[25]  G. Tomas M. Hult,et al.  An Integration of Thoughts on Knowledge Management , 2003, Decis. Sci..

[26]  Abraham Carmeli,et al.  Organisational Crisis- Preparedness: The Importance of Learning from Failures , 2008 .

[27]  Bruno D. Zumbo,et al.  Ordinal Versions of Coefficients Alpha and Theta for Likert Rating Scales , 2007 .

[28]  D. Shepherd,et al.  Negative Emotional Reactions to Project Failure and the Self-Compassion to Learn from the Experience , 2009 .

[29]  Y. Wind,et al.  Product policy : concepts, methods, and strategy , 2010 .

[30]  Richard Staelin,et al.  Pulling the Plug to Stop the New Product Drain , 1997 .

[31]  K. Arrow The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing , 1962 .

[32]  L. Tucker,et al.  A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis , 1973 .

[33]  K. Praveen Parboteeah,et al.  Creativity in innovative projects: How teamwork matters , 2007 .

[34]  Huaying Shu,et al.  Knowledge management in OSS—an enterprise information system for the telecommunications industry , 2006 .

[35]  Li D. Xu,et al.  Complementary opposition as a systems concept , 1989 .

[36]  Yi Liu,et al.  Strategic Orientations, Knowledge Acquisition, and Firm Performance: The Perspective of the Vendor in Cross-Border Outsourcing , 2010 .

[37]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[38]  Teresa M. Amabile,et al.  Assessing the Work Environment for Creativity , 1996 .

[39]  Shikhar Sarin,et al.  The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on Learning, Knowledge Application, and Performance of Cross-Functional New Product Development Teams , 2003, Decis. Sci..

[40]  Luca Berchicci,et al.  Towards an open R&D system: Internal R&D investment, external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance , 2013 .

[41]  Li D. Xu,et al.  Introduction: Systems Science in Industrial Sectors , 2013 .

[42]  M. Gordon,et al.  PUBLICATION RECORDS AND TENURE DECISIONS IN THE FIELD OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT , 1996 .

[43]  Hong Wang,et al.  Knowledge management component in managing human resources for enterprises , 2012, Inf. Technol. Manag..

[44]  John R. Austin Transactive memory in organizational groups: the effects of content, consensus, specialization, and accuracy on group performance. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[45]  D. Shepherd,et al.  Moving Forward from Project Failure: Negative Emotions, Affective Commitment, and Learning from the Experience , 2011 .

[46]  April Franco,et al.  KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER THROUGH INHERITANCE: SPIN- OUT GENERATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SURVIVAL , 2004 .

[47]  Albert H. Segars,et al.  Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective , 2001, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[48]  B. Zirger,et al.  The new product learning cycle , 1985 .

[49]  Gregory N. Stock,et al.  Creating Dynamic Capability: The Role of Intertemporal Integration, Knowledge Retention, and Interpretation , 2006 .

[50]  Judy O'Neil,et al.  A Review of Action Learning Literature 1994-2000: Part 1--Bibliography and Comments. , 2003 .

[51]  K. Atuahene–Gima,et al.  Strategic Decision Comprehensiveness and New Product Development Outcomes in New Technology Ventures , 2004 .

[52]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[53]  Rod Coombs,et al.  `Knowledge management practices' and path-dependency in innovation , 1998 .

[54]  Margaret Fletcher,et al.  Knowledge acquisition for the internationalization of the smaller firm: Content and sources , 2012 .

[55]  P. Paulus Groups, Teams, and Creativity: The Creative Potential of Idea-generating Groups , 2000 .

[56]  A. Carmeli Social Capital, Psychological Safety and Learning Behaviours from Failure in Organisations , 2007 .

[57]  R. Grover,et al.  From Embedded Knowledge to Embodied Knowledge: New Product Development as Knowledge Management , 1998 .

[58]  Haiyang Li,et al.  Product Innovation Strategy and the Performance of New Technology Ventures in China , 2001 .

[59]  Mcdp Mathieu Weggeman,et al.  Determinants of the Level of Knowledge Application: A Knowledge‐Based and Information‐Processing Perspective* , 2005 .

[60]  E. Autio,et al.  SOCIAL CAPITAL, KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION, AND KNOWLEDGE EXPLOITATION IN YOUNG TECHNOLOGY-BASED FIRMS , 2001 .

[61]  A. Jantunen Knowledge‐processing capabilities and innovative performance: an empirical study , 2005 .

[62]  R. Grant,et al.  Environments: Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration , 2022 .

[63]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: PAST RESEARCH, PRESENT FINDINGS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS , 1995 .

[64]  Ling Li,et al.  Identifying Influential Factors of Knowledge Sharing in Emergency Events: A Virtual Community Perspective , 2013 .

[65]  G. Krogh Care in Knowledge Creation , 1998 .

[66]  C. Moorman Organizational Market Information Processes: Cultural Antecedents and New Product Outcomes , 1995 .

[67]  Lynn Ling X Li,et al.  Knowledge-based problem solving: an approach to health assessment1This research was partially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Bridge International Foundation. Dr Li is a professor at China Textile University.1 , 1999 .

[68]  M. Gilbert,et al.  Understanding the process of knowledge transfer to achieve successful technological innovation , 1996 .

[69]  Arild Aspelund,et al.  Initial resources' influence on new venture survival: a longitudinal study of new technology-based firms , 2005 .

[70]  Laura B. Cardinal,et al.  The Use of Knowledge for Technological Innovation Within Diversified Firms , 2007 .

[71]  Roderick E. White,et al.  An Organizational Learning Framework : From Intuition to Institution Author ( s ) : , 2007 .

[72]  D. Dougherty Interpretive Barriers to Successful Product Innovation in Large Firms , 1992 .

[73]  J. H. Gittell,et al.  High‐quality relationships, psychological safety, and learning from failures in work organizations , 2009 .

[74]  I. Gil,et al.  The impact of knowledge management on innovation and entrepreneurship in the biotechnology and telecommunications industries , 2009 .

[75]  Dean A. Shepherd,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES AND COMMENTARIES: KNOWLEDGE-BASED RESOURCES, ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, AND THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES , 2003 .

[76]  P. M. Podsakoff,et al.  Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects , 1986 .

[77]  F. Bosch,et al.  Why New Business Development Projects Fail: Coping with the Differences of Technological Versus Market Knowledge , 2007 .

[78]  Hai Guo,et al.  How entrepreneurial orientation moderates the effects of knowledge management on innovation , 2009 .

[79]  Daniel Palacios Marqués,et al.  The effect of knowledge management practices on firm performance , 2006, J. Knowl. Manag..

[80]  Dorothy E. Leidner,et al.  Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues , 2001, MIS Q..

[81]  Kwok Kee Wei,et al.  Organizational Learning Process: Its Antecedents and Consequences in Enterprise System Implementation , 2006, J. Glob. Inf. Manag..

[82]  Lida Xu,et al.  A programmable agent for knowledge discovery on the Web , 2003, Expert Syst. J. Knowl. Eng..

[83]  Kai Pan,et al.  Public and expert collaborative evaluation model and algorithm for enterprise knowledge , 2013, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[84]  C. D. De Dreu,et al.  Minority dissent and team innovation: the importance of participation in decision making. , 2001, The Journal of applied psychology.

[85]  Larisa Bulysheva,et al.  Segmentation modeling algorithm: a novel algorithm in data mining , 2012, Inf. Technol. Manag..

[86]  Richard Baker,et al.  Strategic Management Development: Using Experiential Learning Theory to Assess and Develop Managerial Competencies , 1986 .

[87]  S. Shane,et al.  Opportunities and Entrepreneurship , 2003 .

[88]  Li Wang,et al.  Knowledge portal construction and resources integration for a large scale hydropower dam , 2009 .

[89]  Harry Sminia,et al.  The Failure of the Sport7 TV-channel: Controversies in a Business Network , 2003 .

[90]  Donald O. Neubaum,et al.  Entrepreneurship in Medium-Size Companies: Exploring the Effects of Ownership and Governance Systems , 2000 .

[91]  K. Hewett,et al.  A Multi-Theoretical Model of Knowledge Transfer in Organizations: Determinants of Knowledge Contribution and Knowledge Reuse , 2006 .

[92]  K. P. Singh,et al.  Covariate Dependent Markov Models for Analysis of Repeated Binary Outcomes , 2007 .

[93]  K. Atuahene–Gima,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurship Orientation Alignment on Product Innovation , 2001 .

[94]  Yuan Li,et al.  Managerial Incentive and External Knowledge Acquisition Under Technological Uncertainty: A Nested System Perspective , 2013 .

[95]  H. Greve,et al.  Superman or the Fantastic Four? Knowledge Combination and Experience in Innovative Teams , 2006 .

[96]  D. Teece Strategies for Managing Knowledge Assets: the Role of Firm Structure and Industrial Context , 2000 .

[97]  James C. Anderson,et al.  Monte Carlo Evaluations of Goodness of Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models , 1992 .

[98]  P. Bentler,et al.  Comparative fit indexes in structural models. , 1990, Psychological bulletin.

[99]  Haiyang Li,et al.  Innovation search of new ventures in a technology cluster: the role of ties with service intermediaries , 2010 .

[100]  L. Cronbach Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests , 1951 .

[101]  D. Shepherd,et al.  Knowledge‐based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium‐sized businesses , 2003 .

[102]  Ephraim R. McLean,et al.  Expertise Integration and Creativity in Information Systems Development , 2005, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[103]  Xueming Luo,et al.  Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: the mediating role of social networks , 2007 .

[104]  J. Barney Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage , 1991 .

[105]  Eric M. Olson,et al.  The moderating influence of strategic orientation on the strategy formation capability–performance relationship , 2006 .

[106]  Dilip S. Mutum,et al.  A review of customer relationship management: successes, advances, pitfalls and futures , 2012, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[107]  Wen-Xiu Zhang,et al.  A knowledge processing method for intelligent systems based on inclusion degree , 2003, Expert Syst. J. Knowl. Eng..

[108]  Lida Xu,et al.  An Integrated Approach for Agricultural Ecosystem Management , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[109]  Paul A. Pavlou,et al.  Technology-Based New Product Development Partnerships , 2006, Decis. Sci..

[110]  S. Liao,et al.  Relationships among organizational culture, knowledge acquisition, organizational learning, and organizational innovation in Taiwan's banking and insurance industries , 2012 .

[111]  Hsiu-Fen Lin,et al.  Impact of organizational learning and knowledge management factors on e‐business adoption , 2005 .

[112]  Erwin Danneels The dynamics of product innovation and firm competences , 2002 .

[113]  J. H. Steiger Statistically based tests for the number of common factors , 1980 .

[114]  James C. Anderson,et al.  STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING IN PRACTICE: A REVIEW AND RECOMMENDED TWO-STEP APPROACH , 1988 .

[115]  Jin Nam Choi,et al.  Effects of team knowledge management on the creativity and financial performance of organizational teams , 2012 .

[116]  Anita Van Gils,et al.  Knowledge Acquisition and Learning in Dutch and Belgian SMEs:: The Role of Strategic Alliances , 2004 .

[117]  Zhaohui Wu,et al.  An Efficient Recommendation Method for Improving Business Process Modeling , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[118]  Zhongzhi Shi,et al.  An enhanced dynamic hash TRIE algorithm for lexicon search , 2012, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[119]  A. Edmondson Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams , 1999 .

[120]  Zhuming Bi,et al.  An optimisation method for complex product design , 2013, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[121]  John Child,et al.  The performance of cross-border units in China: a test of natural selection, strategic choice and contingency theories , 2003 .

[122]  Mike Wright,et al.  The Evolution of Entrepreneurial Competencies: A Longitudinal Study of University Spin‐Off Venture Emergence , 2011 .

[123]  Xiumei Zhu,et al.  Governance Mechanisms and New Venture Performance in China , 2013 .

[124]  G. Huber Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literatures , 1991 .

[125]  Matthew R. Marvel,et al.  Technology Entrepreneurs’ Human Capital and Its Effects on Innovation Radicalness , 2007 .

[126]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology , 1992 .

[127]  Bogdan M. Wilamowski,et al.  Implementing a fuzzy system on a field programmable gate array , 2001, IJCNN'01. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37222).

[128]  K. Sengupta,et al.  Knowledge management and innovation performance in a high-tech SMEs industry , 2013 .

[129]  Shu-Hsien Liao,et al.  System perspective of knowledge management, organizational learning, and organizational innovation , 2010, Expert Syst. Appl..

[130]  Li Cai,et al.  Effects of Top Management Team Heterogeneous Background and Behavioural Attributes on the Performance of New Ventures , 2013 .

[131]  Li D. Xu,et al.  Integrating knowledge management and ERP in enterprise information systems , 2006 .

[132]  Jacob Cohen Partialed products are interactions; partialed powers are curve components. , 1978 .

[133]  Mei Zhang,et al.  A rough set approach to knowledge reduction based on inclusion degree and evidence reasoning theory , 2003, Expert Syst. J. Knowl. Eng..