Further Improvement of the Heavy Orographic Rainfall Retrievals in the GSMaP Algorithm for Microwave Radiometers

AbstractAn orographic/nonorographic rainfall classification scheme has been introduced for the operational algorithm of the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) for passive microwave radiometers. However, problems of overestimations and false alarms of heavy orographic rainfall remain unresolved. This is because the current scheme selected lower constant thresholds of orographic rainfall conditions for global application and used values of orographically forced upward motion w derived from near-surface atmospheric data. This study improves the conceptual model of the warm-rain process for considering the strength of the upstream flow of the low-level troposphere. Under a weak upstream current, rain reaches the foothills of the windward mountain slope because of sufficient time for condensation and precipitation enhancement by the topography. Conversely, under a strong upstream current, precipitation enhancement occurs nearer to the mountain peak. This is because the upstream current flows so ...

[1]  Byung-Ju Sohn,et al.  Validation of Satellite-Based High-Resolution Rainfall Products over the Korean Peninsula Using Data from a Dense Rain Gauge Network , 2010 .

[2]  C. Kummerow,et al.  Precipitation-Top Heights of Heavy Orographic Rainfall in the Asian Monsoon Region , 2016 .

[3]  A. Hou,et al.  The Global Precipitation Measurement Mission , 2014 .

[4]  Takuji Kubota,et al.  Chapter 12 – Development of a Rain/No-Rain Classification Method Over Land for the Microwave Sounder Algorithm , 2018 .

[5]  Munehisa K. Yamamoto,et al.  Implementation of an orographic/nonorographic rainfall classification scheme in the GSMaP algorithm for microwave radiometers , 2015 .

[6]  Tomoaki Mega,et al.  Improvements of Rain/No-Rain Classification Methods for Microwave Radiometer over Coasts by Dynamic Surface-Type Classification , 2016 .

[7]  Guosheng Liu,et al.  A Fast and Accurate Model for Microwave Radiance Calculations , 1998 .

[8]  Takuji Kubota,et al.  The GSMaP Precipitation Retrieval Algorithm for Microwave Sounders—Part I: Over-Ocean Algorithm , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[9]  Riko Oki,et al.  THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT (GPM) MISSION FOR SCIENCE AND SOCIETY. , 2017, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.

[10]  Christian D. Kummerow,et al.  The Evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm to a Fully Parametric Scheme , 2015 .

[11]  Cheng‐Ku Yu,et al.  Radar observations of intense orographic precipitation associated with typhoon Xangsane (2000) , 2008 .

[12]  M. Ou,et al.  Characteristic Features of Warm-Type Rain Producing Heavy Rainfall over the Korean Peninsula Inferred from TRMM Measurements , 2013 .

[13]  Cheng‐Ku Yu,et al.  Dual-Doppler-Derived Profiles of the Southwesterly Flow Associated with Southwest and Ordinary Typhoons off the Southwestern Coast of Taiwan , 2014 .

[14]  Yuh-Lang Lin,et al.  Mesoscale Dynamics: Contents , 2007 .

[15]  D. Stensrud Importance of Low-Level Jets to Climate: A Review. , 1996 .

[16]  D. Jorgensen,et al.  Multiple Precipitation Mechanisms over Mountains Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar during MAP IOP5 , 2007 .

[17]  B. Sohn,et al.  Use of Numerical Forecasts for Improving TMI Rain Retrievals over the Mountainous Area in Korea , 2008 .

[18]  Nobuhiro Takahashi,et al.  Advanced Rain/No-Rain Classification Methods for Microwave Radiometer Observations over Land , 2008 .

[19]  Nobuhiro Takahashi,et al.  Rain/No-Rain Classification Methods for Microwave Radiometer Observations over Land Using Statistical Information for Brightness Temperatures under No-Rain Conditions , 2005 .

[20]  Takuji Kubota,et al.  Improvement of TMI Rain Retrievals in Mountainous Areas , 2013 .

[21]  H. Michael Goodman,et al.  Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I - Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal , 1989 .

[22]  R. Houze Orographic effects on precipitating clouds , 2012 .

[23]  S. Kobayashi,et al.  The JRA-25 Reanalysis , 2007 .

[24]  Misako Kachi,et al.  Improvement of High-Resolution Satellite Rainfall Product for Typhoon Morakot (2009) over Taiwan , 2013 .

[25]  Robert A. Houze,et al.  Anomalous Atmospheric Events Leading to the Summer 2010 Floods in Pakistan , 2011 .

[26]  T. Kubota,et al.  GSMaP Passive Microwave Precipitation Retrieval Algorithm : Algorithm Description and Validation(2. Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) Project, Precipitation Measurements from Space) , 2009 .

[27]  Misako Kachi,et al.  Global Precipitation Map Using Satellite-Borne Microwave Radiometers by the GSMaP Project: Production and Validation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[28]  Misako Kachi,et al.  Verification of High-Resolution Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates around Japan Using a Gauge-Calibrated Ground-Radar Dataset , 2009 .

[29]  Munehisa K. Yamamoto,et al.  Improvement of TMI Rain Retrieval Over the Indian Subcontinent , 2014 .