Influence of injector technology on injection and combustion development - Part 1: Hydraulic characterization

An experimental study of two real multi-hole Diesel injectors is performed under current DI Diesel engine operating conditions. The aim of the investigation is to study the influence of injector technology on the flow at the nozzle exit and to analyse its effect on the spray in evaporative conditions and combustion development. The injectors used are two of the most common technologies used nowadays: solenoid and piezoelectric. The nozzles for both injectors are very similar since the objective of the work is the understanding of the influence of the injector technology on spray characteristics for a given nozzle geometry. In the first part of the study, experimental measurements of hydraulic characterization have been analyzed for both systems. Analysis of spray behaviour in evaporative conditions and combustion development will be carried out in the second part of the work. Important differences between both injectors have been observed, especially in their transient opening and closing of the needle, leading to a more efficient air-fuel mixing and combustion processes for the piezoelectric actuated injector.

[1]  H. Hiroyasu,et al.  Structures of fuel sprays in diesel engines , 1990 .

[2]  Su Han Park,et al.  Effects of multiple-injection strategies on overall spray behavior, combustion, and emissions reduction characteristics of biodiesel fuel , 2011 .

[3]  Raul Payri,et al.  Study of cavitation phenomena based on a technique for visualizing bubbles in a liquid pressurized chamber , 2009 .

[4]  Sungwook Park,et al.  Effect of piezo-driven injection system on the macroscopic and microscopic atomization characteristics of diesel fuel spray , 2007 .

[5]  N.-H. Chung,et al.  Modelling and injection rate estimation of common-rail injectors for direct-injection diesel engines , 2008 .

[6]  Celia Soteriou,et al.  Direct Injection Diesel Sprays and the Effect of Cavitation and Hydraulic Flip on Atomization , 1995 .

[7]  Michael L. Corradini,et al.  Isolated Effects of Ambient Pressure, Nozzle Cavitation and Hole Inlet Geometry on Diesel Injection Spray Characteristics , 2000 .

[8]  Cameron Tropea,et al.  Effect of ambient pressure on penetration of a diesel spray , 2007 .

[9]  Raul Payri,et al.  A new methodology for correcting the signal cumulative phenomenon on injection rate measurements , 2008 .

[10]  J. C. Kent,et al.  Nozzle Exit Flow Characteristics for Square-edged and Rounded Inlet Geometries , 1983 .

[11]  A. G. Gaydon.  The spectroscopy of flames , 1957 .

[12]  Raul Payri,et al.  Development and validation of a theoretical model for diesel spray penetration , 2006 .

[13]  Raul Payri,et al.  Diesel nozzle geometry influence on spray liquid-phase fuel penetration in evaporative conditions , 2008 .

[14]  M. Kegl,et al.  Optimization of a Fuel Injection System for Diesel and Biodiesel Usage , 2008 .

[15]  Raul Payri,et al.  Influence of injector technology on injection and combustion development – Part 2: Combustion analysis , 2011 .

[16]  V. Macián,et al.  A CFD ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIESEL NOZZLE GEOMETRY ON THE INCEPTION OF CAVITATION , 2003 .

[17]  Öivind Andersson,et al.  Diesel fuel jet lift-off stabilization in the presence of laser-induced plasma ignition , 2009 .

[18]  Rolf D. Reitz,et al.  Modeling the Effect of Injector Nozzle-Hole Layout on Diesel Engine Fuel Consumption and Emissions , 2008 .

[19]  F. J. Salvador,et al.  Using spray momentum flux measurements to understand the influence of diesel nozzle geometry on spray characteristics , 2005 .

[20]  J. Naber,et al.  Effects of Gas Density and Vaporization on Penetration and Dispersion of Diesel Sprays , 1996 .

[21]  Raul Payri,et al.  The influence of cavitation on the internal flow and the spray characteristics in diesel injection nozzles , 2004 .

[22]  S. Kampmann,et al.  The influence of hydro grinding at VCO nozzles on the mixture preparation in a DI diesel engine , 1996 .

[23]  Christoph Espey,et al.  Chemiluminescence Imaging of Autoignition in a DI Diesel Engine , 1998 .

[24]  V. Macian,et al.  New technique for determination of internal geometry of a diesel nozzle with the use of silicone methodology , 2003 .

[25]  David P. Schmidt,et al.  The internal flow of diesel fuel injector nozzles: A review , 2001 .

[26]  Gerhard Ziegler,et al.  Common Rail System (CR-System) for Passenger Car DI Diesel Engines; Experiences with Applications for Series Production Projects , 1999 .

[27]  Octavio Armas,et al.  Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions , 2008 .

[28]  Raul Payri,et al.  Effects of nozzle geometry on direct injection diesel engine combustion process , 2009 .

[29]  Dennis L. Siebers,et al.  Scaling Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays Based on Mixing-Limited Vaporization , 1999 .

[30]  Ş. Altun,et al.  Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine , 2009 .

[31]  E. Markland,et al.  Discharge Coefficients for Incompressible Non-Cavitating Flow through Long Orifices , 1965 .

[32]  F. J. Salvador,et al.  Validation of a code for modeling cavitation phenomena in Diesel injector nozzles , 2010, Math. Comput. Model..

[33]  A. Agarwal,et al.  Experimental investigations of performance and emissions of Karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder agricultural diesel engine , 2009 .

[34]  Michela Costa,et al.  Radical species in the cool-flame regime of diesel combustion: a comparative numerical and experimental study , 2005 .

[35]  Jerzy Chomiak,et al.  Combustion characteristics of diesel sprays from equivalent nozzles with sharp and rounded inlet geometries , 2003 .