Underwater Explosion Induced Shock Loading of Structures: Influence of Water Depth, Salinity and Temperature

Most of the literature available for determination of the response of underwater explosion induced shock loading on structures considers free surface of water, no salinity in the water and also no special effects of initial temperature and latitude. Thereby question naturally arises as to whether these theoretical researches can directly be applied to practical situations in various seas/oceans around the world. A framework is prescribed in this manuscript through which designers can evaluate coefficient of reflection, a major factor for design of marine vessels and offshore structures for protection against blast loads, in different conditions considering water depth, salinity, temperature and also latitude. The manuscript illustrates variability in response with discussion of some idealized cases.

[1]  Jing Fu-Qian,et al.  The Grüneisen Parameter of NaCl at High Pressures and Temperatures: a Molecular Dynamics Study , 2005 .

[2]  Stephen P Robinson,et al.  A new equation for the accurate calculation of sound speed in all oceans. , 2008, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[3]  Nilanjan Mitra,et al.  Shock induced phase transition of water: Molecular dynamics investigation , 2016 .

[4]  Yasuhito Mori,et al.  Shock Hugoniot for Biological Materials , 2006 .

[5]  Claude C. Leroy,et al.  Depth-pressure relationships in the oceans and seas , 1998 .

[6]  Frank J. Millero,et al.  A new high pressure equation of state for seawater , 1980 .

[7]  Yin Lu Young,et al.  Transient Response of Submerged Plates Subject to Underwater Shock Loading: An Analytical Perspective , 2008 .

[8]  Nilanjan Mitra,et al.  High-intensity air-explosion-induced shock loading of structures: consideration of a real gas in modelling a nonlinear compressible medium , 2015, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[9]  Nik Petrinic,et al.  The Response of Rigid Plates to Deep Water Blast: Analytical Models and Finite Element Predictions , 2012 .

[10]  K. Mackenzie Nine‐term equation for sound speed in the oceans , 1981 .

[11]  Stefan Hiermaier,et al.  Structures Under Crash and Impact: Continuum Mechanics, Discretization and Experimental Characterization , 2010 .

[12]  S. Ridah,et al.  Shock waves in water , 1988 .

[13]  H. Medwin Speed of sound in water: A simple equation for realistic parameters , 1975 .

[14]  A. P. Rybakov,et al.  Anomalies of the shock compressibility of water , 1992 .

[15]  Nilanjan Mitra,et al.  Non-contact near-field underwater explosion induced shock-wave loading of submerged rigid structures: Nonlinear compressibility effects in fluid structure interaction , 2012 .

[16]  N. P. Fofonoff,et al.  Algorithms for Computation of Fundamental Properties of Seawater. Endorsed by Unesco/SCOR/ICES/IAPSO Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards and SCOR Working Group 51. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 44. , 1983 .

[17]  Yasuhito Mori,et al.  Shock Hugoniot compression curve for water up to 1 GPa by using a compressed gas gun , 2002 .

[18]  A. P. Rybakov Phase transformation of water under shock compression , 1996 .

[19]  George S. K. Wong,et al.  Speed of sound in seawater as a function of salinity, temperature, and pressure , 1995 .

[20]  Huali Chu,et al.  Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation and Visualization Experiments for Pressure-compensating Emitters , 2015 .

[21]  F. H. Fisher,et al.  Analytic Equation of State for Sea Water , 1975 .

[22]  Vito L. Tagarielli,et al.  The response of rigid plates to blast in deep water: fluid–structure interaction experiments , 2012, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.