Olfactory system of highly trained dogs detects prostate cancer in urine samples.

[1]  R. Capuano,et al.  Prostate cancer diagnosis through electronic nose in the urine headspace setting: a pilot study , 2014, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease.

[2]  Genetics of canine olfaction and receptor diversity , 2012, Mammalian Genome.

[3]  M. Mcculloch,et al.  Diagnostic Accuracy of Canine Scent Detection in Early- and Late-Stage Lung and Breast Cancers , 2006, Integrative cancer therapies.

[4]  Giuseppe Lippi,et al.  Article in press-uncorrected proof Mini Review Canine olfactory detection of cancer versus laboratory testing : myth or opportunity ? , 2012 .

[5]  J. Crowley,et al.  Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[6]  H. D. de Koning,et al.  Prostate cancer detection at low prostate specific antigen. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[7]  Jukka Lekkala,et al.  Detection of prostate cancer by an electronic nose: a proof of principle study. , 2014, The Journal of urology.

[8]  Cancer odor in the blood of ovarian cancer patients: a retrospective study of detection by dogs during treatment, 3 and 6 months afterward , 2013, BMC Cancer.

[9]  J. Presti,et al.  Does the yield of prostate cancer biopsy and repeat biopsy justify the frequency of their use? , 2008, Nature Clinical Practice Urology.

[10]  M. Leahy.  Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs: Cause or association? , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[11]  Anastasios Anastasiadis,et al.  Complications of prostate biopsy , 2013, Expert review of anticancer therapy.

[12]  T. Tammela,et al.  Acceptability and complications of prostate biopsy in population-based PSA screening versus routine clinical practice: a prospective, controlled study. , 2002, Urology.

[13]  L. Salomon,et al.  Risk of repeat biopsy and prostate cancer detection after an initial extended negative biopsy: longitudinal follow‐up from a prospective trial , 2013, BJU international.

[14]  J. Welsh.  Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs: Another cancer detected by “pet scan” , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[15]  C C Schulman,et al.  Prospective evaluation of prostate cancer detected on biopsies 1, 2, 3 and 4: when should we stop? , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[16]  L. J. Myers,et al.  The use of canines in the detection of human cancers. , 2008, Journal of alternative and complementary medicine.

[17]  M. Kumar,et al.  Olfactory detection of prostate cancer by dogs sniffing urine: A step forward in early diagnosis , 2011 .

[18]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer statistics, 2012 , 2012, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[19]  HywelC. Williams,et al.  SNIFFER DOGS IN THE MELANOMA CLINIC? , 1989, The Lancet.

[20]  E. Sokolov,et al.  Rectourethral fistula after repeat transrectal prostate biopsy. , 2013, Urology.

[21]  Yair Lotan,et al.  Systematic review of complications of prostate biopsy. , 2013, European urology.

[22]  D. Ornstein,et al.  Prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and benign prostate examination. Enhancement of specificity with free PSA measurements. , 1997, JAMA.

[23]  C. Vandenbroucke-Grauls,et al.  Using a dog’s superior olfactory sensitivity to identify Clostridium difficile in stools and patients: proof of principle study , 2012, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[24]  György Horvath,et al.  Human Ovarian Carcinomas Detected by Specific Odor , 2008, Integrative cancer therapies.

[25]  HywelC. Williams,et al.  Another sniffer dog for the clinic? , 2001, The Lancet.

[26]  A. B. Robinson,et al.  Quantitative analysis of urine vapor and breath by gas-liquid partition chromatography. , 1971, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  P. Farrant,et al.  Canine olfactory detection of malignant melanoma , 2013, BMJ Case Reports.

[28]  W. See,et al.  Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs: Cause or association? , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[29]  G. Giusti,et al.  A single injection of lidocaine as local anesthesia for ultrasound guided needle biopsy of the prostate. , 2002, The Journal of urology.