Analysis of chromosomes in molecular tumor and radiation cytogenetics: approaches, applications, perspectives.

For the study of pathological processes the analysis of chromosomes has become of ever growing importance. Today, entire journals are dedicated to this task; thousands of publications so far have shown a close correlation between chromosome aberrations and malignancy (Dal Cin and Sandberg, 1989). Presently, information is available on more than 14,000 neoplasms with an abnormal karyotype (Mitelman et al., 1990). Accordingly, one should have expected that cytogenetics would play a central role not only in tumor research but also in clinical pathology of tumors, as well as therapy planning and control. This, however, until now has not been the case. A major reason for this may be the practical difficulties of conventional chromosome diagnostics:

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