Adult nutrient intake as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND This population-based case-control study evaluated nutrient intake as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) among people aged > or =50 years in metropolitan Detroit. METHODS Cases (n = 126) were diagnosed between 1991 and 1995 and neurologist-confirmed. Controls (n = 432) were frequency-matched for sex, age (+/-5 years) and race. Using a standardized food frequency questionnaire, subjects reported the foods they ate within the past year. RESULTS Estimating the association between PD and risk of being in the highest versus the lowest intake quartile, there were elevated odds ratios for total fat (OR 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.05-3.58), cholesterol (OR 2.11, 95% CI: 1.14-3.90), lutein (OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.32-4.84) and iron (OR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.05-3.38). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an association of PD with high intake of total fat, saturated fats, cholesterol, lutein and iron.

[1]  E W Gunter,et al.  An evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary intake of specific carotenoids and vitamin E among low-income black women. , 1991, American journal of epidemiology.

[2]  L. Golbe,et al.  Follow‐up study of early‐life protective and risk factors in Parkinson's disease , 1990, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[3]  C. Cross,et al.  Destruction of tocopherols, carotenoids, and retinol in human plasma by cigarette smoke. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[4]  D. Morens,et al.  Case‐control study of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and dietary vitamin E intake , 1996, Neurology.

[5]  Gregory G. Brown,et al.  Occupational exposures to metals as risk factors for Parkinson's disease , 1997, Neurology.

[6]  S. Folstein,et al.  "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. , 1975, Journal of psychiatric research.

[7]  C. C. Johnson,et al.  Smoking and Parkinson’s disease , 1999, Neurology.

[8]  A. Katagiri,et al.  [Reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire]. , 1998, [Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health.

[9]  P Riederer,et al.  Selective Increase of Iron in Substantia Nigra Zona Compacta of Parkinsonian Brains , 1991, Journal of neurochemistry.

[10]  J. Jankovic,et al.  Low cancer rates among patients with Parkinson's disease , 1985, Annals of neurology.

[11]  P. Vieregge,et al.  Life-style and Dietary Factors Early and Late in Parkinson’s Disease , 1992, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[12]  H. Gerster Anticarcinogenic effect of common carotenoids. , 1993, International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition.

[13]  G Block,et al.  Comparison of two dietary questionnaires validated against multiple dietary records collected during a 1-year period. , 1992, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[14]  J. C. Smith,et al.  Lutein, lycopene, and their oxidative metabolites in chemoprevention of cancer , 1995, Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement.

[15]  D. Michalek,et al.  Weight change and body composition in patients with Parkinson's disease. , 1995, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[16]  R. Lauffer,et al.  Iron and Human Disease , 1992 .

[17]  S. Tsugane,et al.  Differential Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Plasma Levels of Carotenoids in Middle‐aged Japanese Men , 1996, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[18]  D J Brooks,et al.  An [18F]dopa-PET and clinical study of the rate of progression in Parkinson's disease. , 1996, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[19]  P. Riederer,et al.  Altered Brain Metabolism of Iron as a Cause of Neurodegenerative Diseases? , 1994, Journal of neurochemistry.

[20]  G. Ulm,et al.  Diet and Parkinson's disease II , 1996, Neurology.

[21]  M. Mikhail,et al.  Effects of smoking and oral contraception on plasma beta-carotene levels in healthy women. , 1989, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[22]  G Block,et al.  A data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing. , 1986, American journal of epidemiology.

[23]  J. Nutt,et al.  Environmental antecedents of young‐onset Parkinson's disease , 1993, Neurology.

[24]  Serum levels of beta-carotene and other carotenoids in Parkinson's disease. , 1993, Neuroscience letters.

[25]  C. C. Johnson,et al.  Demographic differences in referral rates to neurologists of patients with suspected Parkinson's disease: implications for case-control study design. , 1995, Neuroepidemiology.

[26]  R. Bone,et al.  Analysis of the macular pigment by HPLC: retinal distribution and age study. , 1988, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[27]  D. Morens,et al.  Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease , 1995, Neurology.

[28]  M. Catalán,et al.  Serum levels of β-carotene and other carotenoids in Parkinson's disease , 1993, Neuroscience Letters.

[29]  W. Mutch,et al.  A screening and alerting questionnaire for parkinsonism. , 1991, Neuroepidemiology.

[30]  J. Potter,et al.  Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of vegetable intake: the University of Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit Feeding Studies. , 1995, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[31]  F. Jiménez-Jiménez,et al.  Premorbid dietetic habits and risk for Parkinson's disease. , 1997, Parkinsonism & related disorders.

[32]  Karen Marder,et al.  Dietary lipids and antioxidants in Parkinson's disease: A population‐based, case‐control study , 1996, Annals of neurology.

[33]  D King,et al.  A study of the nutritional status of elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. , 1994, Age and ageing.

[34]  W. Willett,et al.  Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. , 1985, American journal of epidemiology.

[35]  G Block,et al.  A Reduced Dietary Questionnaire: Development and Validation , 1990, Epidemiology.

[36]  L. Golbe,et al.  Case-control study of early life dietary factors in Parkinson's disease. , 1988, Archives of neurology.

[37]  M Schulzer,et al.  Longitudinal fluorodopa positron emission tomographic studies of the evolution of idiopathic parkinsonism , 1994, Annals of neurology.

[38]  C. Olanow,et al.  Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease , 1996, Neurology.

[39]  C. C. Johnson,et al.  Parkinson's disease and its comorbid disorders , 1994, Neurology.