A 2-GHz 32-bit ROM-based direct-digital frequency synthesizer in 0.13 μm CMOS

A 32-bit read-only memory (ROM)-based direct digital frequency synthesizer with a maximum operating frequency of 2 GHz is presented. The proposed ROM-based design is capable of increasing the operation speed of traditional ROM-based DDFS by eliminating the complex control circuits and adopting a novel pseudo differential ROM. With a 14-bit partially segmented DAC based on Q2 Random Walk switching scheme, the prototype DDFS produces a minimum spurious-free dynamic range of 46.38 dBc up to Nyquist frequency at the clock frequency of 2 GHz. This 0.13 μm CMOS chip occupies an active area of 0.55 mm2 and dissipates 450 mW with a 1.2-V digital supply and 3.3-V analog supply.

[1]  Aleksandar Milenkovic,et al.  A Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer Based on the Quasi-Linear Interpolation Method , 2010, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap..

[2]  Georges Gielen,et al.  A 14-bit intrinsic accuracy Q2 random walk CMOS DAC , 1999, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[3]  C. R. Cole,et al.  CMOS/SOS frequency synthesizer LSI circuit for spread spectrum communications , 1984 .

[4]  Xinyu Liu,et al.  A 10GHz 8-bit Direct Digital Synthesizer implemented in GaAs HBT technology , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[5]  Earl E. Swartzlander,et al.  Digit-pipelined direct digital frequency synthesis based on differential CORDIC , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[6]  Jae-Hun Jung,et al.  A 1.3-GHz 350-mW Hybrid Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer in 90-nm CMOS , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[7]  Antonio G. M. Strollo,et al.  A 630MHz direct digital frequency synthesizer with 90dBc SFDR in 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[8]  Foster F. Dai,et al.  24-Bit 5.0 GHz Direct Digital Synthesizer RFIC With Direct Digital Modulations in 0.13 $\mu$ m SiGe BiCMOS Technology , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[9]  Zhi Jin,et al.  A 5.3-GHz 32-bit accumulator designed for direct digital frequency synthesizer , 2012 .

[10]  Lee-Sup Kim,et al.  An 800-MHz low-power direct digital frequency synthesizer with an on-chip D/a converter , 2004, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[11]  V.G. Oklobdzija,et al.  Improved sense-amplifier-based flip-flop: design and measurements , 2000, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[12]  Davide De Caro,et al.  Reducing Lookup-Table Size in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers Using Optimized Multipartite Table Method , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[13]  B. Gold,et al.  A digital frequency synthesizer , 1971 .

[14]  S.E. Turner,et al.  Direct Digital Synthesizer With Sine-Weighted DAC at 32-GHz Clock Frequency in InP DHBT Technology , 2006, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[15]  Davide De Caro,et al.  Direct digital frequency synthesizers with polynomial hyperfolding technique , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[16]  H. Samueli,et al.  A 150-MHz Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer In 1.25/spl mu/m CMOS With -90dBc Spurious Performance , 1991 .

[17]  Foster F. Dai,et al.  An 11-Bit 8.6 GHz Direct Digital Synthesizer MMIC With 10-Bit Segmented Sine-Weighted DAC , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[18]  Xinyu Liu,et al.  A 6GHz direct digital synthesizer MMIC with nonlinear DAC and wave correction ROM , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[19]  Ling Yuan,et al.  A 2GHz direct digital frequency synthesizer based on multi-channel structure , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS).

[20]  Kwang-Hyun Baek,et al.  A 1.7GHz 3V direct digital frequency synthesizer with an on-chip DAC in 0.35 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS , 2005, ISSCC. 2005 IEEE International Digest of Technical Papers. Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2005..

[21]  Sung-Mo Kang,et al.  A 2 GHz 130 mW Direct-Digital Frequency Synthesizer With a Nonlinear DAC in 55 nm CMOS , 2014, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[22]  Dayu Yang,et al.  A 9-Bit 9.6GHz 1.9W Direct Digital Synthesizer RFIC Implemented In 0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS Technology , 2007, 2007 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium.

[23]  Zhihe Zhou,et al.  A 12-Bit Nonlinear DAC for Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[24]  Hossein Hashemi,et al.  An 800 MSPS quadrature DDFS and integrated nonlinear DAC-filter with <15 ns instantaneous frequency hopping time , 2013, 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT).

[25]  Xuefeng Yu,et al.  A 12 GHz 1.9 W Direct Digital Synthesizer MMIC Implemented in 0.18 $\mu$m SiGe BiCMOS Technology , 2008, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.