Influence of combined chemicals on prodigiosin Synthesis of Serratia marcescens

The influences of pesticides (Imugan, Diuron, 2,4-D. Simazin, Benodanil, E 600, Parathion, Eserin, Aldrin), heavy metals (ZnCl2, CdCl2, CuSO4, HgCl2), and mixtures of these two chemical groups on the rate of prodigiosin synthesized by Serratia marcescens in liquid medium have been studied. Prodigiosin synthesis showed a high sensitivity to toxicants. Therefore, a method is suggested using prodigiosin synthesis of S. marcescens for toxicity testing. The amount of prodigiosin and the inhibition zones in cup plate assays were tested in addition. In mixture, various effects depending on the toxin concentrations, used in the test, could be found: The activation of prodigiosin synthesis in submerged cultures by 0.3 mg Benodanil/L was more than 100% in the presence of Imugan or Diuron, and 256% in the presence of 1.5 mg HgCl2/L.

[1]  Y. Tsai,et al.  Influence of metals on oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide fixation, and cytochrome reduction in Nitrobacter Agilis , 1989 .

[2]  G. Bitton,et al.  Cell permeability to toxicants: An important parameter in toxicity tests using bacteria , 1988 .

[3]  G. Bitton,et al.  Effect of suspended solids concentration and filament type on the toxicity of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide to bulking activated sludge , 1987 .

[4]  G. Gadd,et al.  Inhibition of H+ efflux and K+ uptake, and induction of K+ efflux in yeast by heavy metals , 1987 .

[5]  P. Lenz,et al.  A highly sensitive bacterial assay for toxins based on swarming inhibition, and comparison with the cup plate assay based on growth inhibition. , 1987, Toxicology.

[6]  H. Okamura,et al.  The interaction effects of toxic chemical combinations on chlorella ellipsoidea , 1987 .

[7]  P. Lenz,et al.  Development of sensitive bacterial tests, exemplified by two mycotoxins. , 1986, Toxicology.

[8]  Nobuharu Kobayashi,et al.  Decrease in Respiration Activity Related to Prodigiosin Synthesis in Serratia marcescens , 1985, Microbiology and immunology.

[9]  D. Watson,et al.  A critical review of biological methods for the detection of fungal toxins in foods and foodstuffs. , 1982, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[10]  J. Heisinger,et al.  Effect of selenium dioxide on the accumulation and acute toxicity of mercuric chloride in goldfish , 1979, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[11]  A. Jensen,et al.  Heavy metal tolerance of marine phytoplankton. III. Combined effects of copper and zinc ions on cultures of four common species , 1976 .

[12]  H. Ryssov-Nielsen.  Measurement of the inhibition of respiration in activated sludge by a modified determination of the ttc-dehydrogenase activity , 1975 .

[13]  J. Blok.  Respirometric measurements on activated sludge , 1974 .

[14]  M. Ikawa,et al.  Effect of Herbicides on the Growth of Chlorella and Bacillus using the Paper Disc Method , 1973, Weed Science.