Influence of 3D images and 3D-printed objects on spatial reasoning

In this study, we experimentally investigated the influence of a three-dimensional (3D) graphic image and a 3D-printed object on a spatial reasoning task in which participants were required to infer cross sections of a liver in a situation where liver resection surgery was presupposed. The results of the study indicated that using a 3D-printed object produced more accurate task performance and faster mental model construction of a liver structure than a 3D image. During the task, using a 3D-printed object was assumed to reduce cognitive load and information accessing cost more than using a 3D image.

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