Optimized Routing and Pin-constrained Design of Digital Micro-fluidic Biochip

Digital micro-fluidic biochips have represented as a small integrated tool for large biological sample analysis. Only nanoliter volume of discrete fluid droplets (sample) is required to manipulate the integrated chips on an electrode array via electrical actuation. Each electrode activate with independent pin for direct addressing biochip. For low cost and disposal biochip, pin-constraint design is one of the main motivations of this paper. However the pin-count reductions are inescapably depend on the droplet routing stage. The emphasis here is on the concurrent routing with minimum number of cell used without any electrode interference. The paper presents a multi-objective optimization technique for concurrent routing on single source -single target net (2-pin net), two-source single target net (3-pin net) problem and integrates the routing result with masking based algorithm to select the compatible sequence without any electrode interference. The experimental result of benchmark Invitro, Protein show the significant reduction of control pins, number of used cells and routing time compare to crossreferencing and broadcast addressing, ant colony optimization and two-stage ILP method.

[1]  Shih-Kang Fan,et al.  Manipulation of multiple droplets on N/spl times/M grid by cross-reference EWOD driving scheme and pressure-contact packaging , 2003, The Sixteenth Annual International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2003. MEMS-03 Kyoto. IEEE.

[2]  A. Guiseppi-Elie,et al.  Design of a subcutaneous implantable biochip for monitoring of glucose and lactate , 2005, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[3]  Mark K. Goldberg,et al.  Performance Characterization of a Reconfigurable Planar-Array Digital Microfluidic System , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[4]  R. Fair,et al.  CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS ON HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM, URINE, SALIVA, SWEAT, AND TEARS ON A DIGITAL MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM , 2003 .

[5]  Evangeline F. Y. Young,et al.  Droplet-routing-aware module placement for cross-referencing biochips , 2010, ISPD '10.

[6]  Yao-Wen Chang,et al.  A progressive-ILP based routing algorithm for cross-referencing biochips , 2008, 2008 45th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference.

[7]  Karl-Friedrich Böhringer,et al.  Modeling and Controlling Parallel Tasks in Droplet-Based Microfluidic Systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[8]  Krishnendu Chakrabarty,et al.  Broadcast electrode-addressing for pin-constrained multi-functional digital microfluidic biochips , 2008, 2008 45th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference.

[9]  Tsung-Wei Huang,et al.  A Contamination Aware Droplet Routing Algorithm for the Synthesis of Digital Microfluidic Biochips , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[10]  Krishnendu Chakrabarty,et al.  Integrated droplet routing and defect tolerance in the synthesis of digital microfluidic biochips , 2008, JETC.

[11]  Krishnendu Chakrabarty,et al.  Droplet-trace-based array partitioning and a pin assignment algorithm for the automated design of digital microfluidic biochips , 2006, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS '06).

[12]  Tsung-Wei Huang,et al.  A fast routability- and performance-driven droplet routing algorithm for digital microfluidic biochips , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design.

[13]  R. Fair,et al.  An integrated digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for clinical diagnostics on human physiological fluids. , 2004, Lab on a chip.

[14]  Hafizur Rahaman,et al.  Ant Colony Optimization Based Droplet Routing Technique in Digital Microfluidic Biochip , 2011, 2011 International Symposium on Electronic System Design.