Attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women: instrumentation issues.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the variety of instruments used to assess attitudes toward gay males and lesbian women. A total of 45 studies were analyzed that used homophobia instruments (N = 10), cognitive assessments (N = 11), affective instruments (N = 7), and mixed cognitive and affective instruments (N = 17) to assess attitudes toward homosexuality. Types of instruments used, number of subjects, reliability and validity estimates, major findings, and limitations were examined.