Wall nucleation modeling in subcooled boiling flow

Abstract The bubble departure characteristics are studied in flow boiling considering the available experimental data in the literature. The current bubble departure diameter and departure frequency models are reviewed and compared with the collected database, revealing the current modeling shortcomings in forced convective flows. Based on an energy balance approach at the heated surface, the important dimensionless groups are identified and correlated for the bubble departure diameter and departure frequency. These dimensionless groups are the Jakob number, Boiling number, density ratio, and Prandtl number. The bubble departure diameter data also suggests some effect of the flow geometry in mini-channels. The newly proposed semi-empirical models for the bubble departure diameter and departure frequency are shown based on the available database to be accurate to within ±22% and ±35% respectively. This work also identifies important future experimental considerations for the bubble departure characteristics including data at elevated pressures, larger Prandtl numbers, and around the boundary between mini and conventional channels.

[1]  Jing-hua Wei,et al.  Bubble behavior of high subcooling flow boiling at different system pressure in vertical narrow channel , 2011 .

[2]  Renwei Mei,et al.  Vapor bubble departure in forced convection boiling , 1993 .

[3]  Mamoru Ishii,et al.  Interfacial Area Transport Equations for Gas-Liquid Flow , 2009 .

[4]  M. Ishii,et al.  Stochastic Nature of Wall Nucleation and Its Impact on the Time Average Boundary Condition , 2015 .

[5]  T. Harada,et al.  Dependence of bubble behavior in subcooled boiling on surface wettability , 2010 .

[6]  Vijay K. Dhir,et al.  Wall Heat Flux Partitioning During Subcooled Flow Boiling: Part 1—Model Development , 2005 .

[7]  Some characteristics of developing bubbly flow in a vertical mini pipe , 2007 .

[8]  Y. Hsu,et al.  Transport processes in boiling and two-phase systems , 1976 .

[9]  S. Kandlikar,et al.  A Control Volume Approach for Investigating Forces on a Departing Bubble Under Subcooled Flow Boiling , 1995 .

[10]  J. C. Chen.  Correlation for Boiling Heat Transfer to Saturated Fluids in Convective Flow , 1966 .

[11]  M. Ishii,et al.  Interfacial area transport of subcooled boiling flow in a vertical annulus , 2014 .

[12]  Mamoru Ishii,et al.  Interfacial area and nucleation site density in boiling systems , 1983 .

[13]  Chul-Hwa Song,et al.  Characteristics of Bubble Departure Frequency in a Low-Pressure Subcooled Boiling Flow , 2010 .

[14]  Nilanjana G. Basu.  Modeling and experiments for wall heat flux partitioning during subcooled flow boiling of water at low pressures , 2003 .

[15]  H. C. Ünal,et al.  Maximum bubble diameter, maximum bubble-growth time and bubble-growth rate during the subcooled nucleate flow boiling of water up to 17.7 MN/m2 , 1976 .

[16]  N. Zuber,et al.  The dynamics of vapor bubbles in nonuniform temperature fields , 1961 .

[17]  Satish G. Kandlikar,et al.  Fundamental issues related to flow boiling in minichannels and microchannels , 2002 .

[18]  S. Levy.  Forced convection subcooled boiling—prediction of vapor volumetric fraction , 1967 .

[19]  W. Rohsenow.  A Method of Correlating Heat-Transfer Data for Surface Boiling of Liquids , 1952, Journal of Fluids Engineering.

[20]  Renwei Mei,et al.  An experimental investigation of bubble growth and detachment in vertical upflow and downflow boiling , 1998 .

[21]  W. H. McAdams,et al.  Heat Transfer at High Rates to Water with Surface Boiling , 1949 .

[22]  Michael K. Jensen,et al.  EVALUATION OF BUBBLE DEPARTURE DIAMETER CORRELATIONS , 1986 .

[23]  Fujio Tachibana,et al.  Motion of Vapor Bubbles in Subcooled Heated Channel , 1974 .

[24]  W. Zhang,et al.  Correlation for flow boiling heat transfer in mini-channels , 2004 .

[25]  Michitsugu Mori,et al.  Bubble Lift-off Size in Forced Convective Subcooled Boiling Flow , 2005 .

[26]  Martha Salcudean,et al.  Bubble behavior in subcooled flow boiling of water at low pressures and low flow rates , 2002 .

[27]  F. C. Hooper,et al.  Flow effects on bubble growth and collapse in surface boiling , 1972 .

[28]  M. Ishii,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Wall Nucleation Characteristics in Flow Boiling , 2015 .

[29]  T. Hibiki,et al.  Some characteristics of air-water two-phase flow in small diameter vertical tubes , 1996 .

[30]  H. J. Ivey.  Relationships between bubble frequency, departure diameter and rise velocity in nucleate boiling , 1967 .

[31]  N. Koumoutsos,et al.  A Study of Bubble Departure in Forced-Convection Boiling , 1968 .

[32]  Ranganathan Kumar,et al.  An experimental investigation of bubble nucleation of a refrigerant in pressurized boiling flows , 2010 .

[33]  S. Yang,et al.  A mathematical model of the pool boiling nucleation site density in terms of the surface characteristics , 1988 .

[34]  Mamoru Ishii,et al.  Active nucleation site density in boiling systems , 2003 .

[35]  R. Winterton,et al.  Bubble diameter on detachment in flowing liquids , 1981 .

[36]  Bing-Chwen Yang,et al.  Subcooled flow boiling heat transfer of R-134a and bubble characteristics in a horizontal annular duct , 2000 .

[37]  Avinash Vaidheeswaran,et al.  Assessment of Components of the Subcooled Boiling Model for CFD Simulations , 2010 .

[38]  G. H. Yeoh,et al.  Assessment of effect of Bubble Departure Frequency in Forced Convective Subcooled Boiling Flow , 2008 .

[39]  M. Ishii,et al.  Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow , 2007 .

[40]  Nilanjana G. Basu,et al.  Onset of Nucleate Boiling and Active Nucleation Site Density During Subcooled Flow Boiling , 2002 .

[41]  Frank P. Incropera,et al.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 1981 .

[42]  B. Mikic,et al.  A New Correlation of Pool-Boiling Data Including the Effect of Heating Surface Characteristics , 1969 .

[43]  Igor Pioro,et al.  Experimental evaluation of constants for the Rohsenow pool boiling correlation , 1999 .

[44]  R. Winterton,et al.  A general correlation for saturated and subcooled flow boiling in tubes and annuli, based on a nucleate pool boiling equation , 1991 .

[45]  Robert Cole,et al.  A photographic study of pool boiling in the region of the critical heat flux , 1960 .