Characterization of regular checkerboard colourable twisted duals of ribbon graphs

The geometric dual of a cellularly embedded graph is a fundamental concept in graph theory and also appears in many other branches of mathematics. The partial dual is an essential generalization which can be obtained by forming the geometric dual with respect to only a subset of edges of a cellularly embedded graph. The twisted dual is a further generalization by combining the partial Petrial. Given a ribbon graph $G$, in this paper, we first characterize regular partial duals of the ribbon graph $G$ by using spanning quasi-tree and its related shorter marking arrow sequence set. Then we characterize checkerboard colourable partial Petrials for any Eulerian ribbon graph by using spanning trees and a related notion of adjoint set. Finally we give a complete characterization of all regular checkerboard colourable twisted duals of a ribbon graph, which solve a problem raised by Ellis-Monaghan and Moffatt [T. Am. Math. Soc., 364(3) (2012), 1529-1569].

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