Oxidation stability of biodiesel fuels and blends using the Rancimat and PetroOXY methods. Effect of 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol and catechol as biodiesel additives on oxidation stability

In the present work, several fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have been synthesized from various fatty acid feedstocks: used frying olive oil, pork fat, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, and coconut. The oxidation stabilities of the biodiesel samples and of several blends have been measured simultaneously by both the Rancimat method, accepted by EN14112 standard, and the PetroOXY method, prEN16091 standard, with the aim of finding a correlation between both methodologies. Other biodiesel properties such as composition, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), flash point (FP), and kinematic viscosity have also been analyzed using standard methods in order to further characterize the biodiesel produced. In addition, the effect on the biodiesel properties of using 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol and catechol as additives in biodiesel blends with rapeseed and with soybean has also been analyzed. The use of both antioxidants results in a considerable improvement in the oxidation stability of both types of biodiesel, especially using catechol. Adding catechol loads as low as 0.05% (m/m) in blends with soybean biodiesel and as low as 0.10% (m/m) in blends with rapeseed biodiesel is sufficient for the oxidation stabilities to comply with the restrictions established by the European EN14214 standard. An empirical linear equation is proposed to correlate the oxidation stability by the two methods, PetroOXY and Rancimat. It has been found that the presence of either catechol or 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol as additives affects the correlation observed.

[1]  Robert L. McCormick,et al.  Several factors affecting the stability of biodiesel in standard accelerated tests , 2007 .

[2]  Octavio Armas,et al.  Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions , 2008 .

[3]  A. Neumann,et al.  A Method for Determining Oxidation Stability of Petrodiesel, Biodiesel, and Blended Fuels , 2008 .

[4]  Dimitrios Karonis,et al.  Storage stability and ageing effect of biodiesel blends treated with different antioxidants. , 2011 .

[5]  D. Borsato,et al.  Study of the biodiesel B100 oxidative stability in mixture with antioxidants , 2011 .

[6]  F. Luna,et al.  FTIR assessment of the oxidation process of castor oil FAME submitted to PetroOXY and Rancimat metho , 2011 .

[7]  Magín Lapuerta,et al.  Effect of the test temperature and anti-oxidant addition on the oxidation stability of commercial biodiesel fuels , 2012 .

[8]  Robert O. Dunn,et al.  Effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of methyl soyate (biodiesel) , 2005 .

[9]  J. Madarasz,et al.  Impact of antioxidant additives on the oxidation stability of biodiesel produced from Croton Megaloc , 2011 .

[10]  Dora E. López,et al.  Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis , 2005 .

[11]  Martin Mittelbach,et al.  The influence of antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel , 2003 .

[12]  Célio L. Cavalcante,et al.  A rapid method for evaluation of the oxidation stability of castor oil FAME: influence of antioxidant type and concentration , 2009 .

[13]  Zeev Wiesman,et al.  Castor oil biodiesel and its blends as alternative fuel , 2011 .

[14]  Subhash Bhatia,et al.  Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock , 2008 .

[15]  J. Fonseca,et al.  Determination of antioxidant depletion kinetics using ASTMD 7545 as the accelerated oxidation method , 2013 .

[16]  Hiroshi Koseki,et al.  Oxidation stability and risk evaluation of biodiesel , 2007 .

[17]  Jesús Arauzo,et al.  Methanolysis and ethanolysis of animal fats: A comparative study of the influence of alcohols , 2011 .

[18]  José Rodrigues Filho,et al.  Commercial antioxidants and thermal stability evaluations , 2012 .

[19]  Choo Yuen May,et al.  The effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on the oxidative stability of palm diesel , 2006 .

[20]  A. Chaala,et al.  Characterization of bio-oils in chemical families , 2007 .

[21]  M. Ramos,et al.  Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[22]  M. Sharma,et al.  Thermal stability of biodiesel and its blends: A review , 2011 .

[23]  F. Moreno,et al.  Biodiesel improves lubricity of new low sulphur diesel fuels , 2011 .

[24]  Bhaskar Singh,et al.  Development of biodiesel: Current scenario , 2009 .

[25]  Gerhard Knothe,et al.  SOME ASPECTS OF BIODIESEL OXIDATIVE STABILITY , 2007 .

[26]  A. K. Barros,et al.  Evaluation of the oxidative stability of corn biodiesel , 2011 .

[27]  A. G. Souza,et al.  Caffeic and ferulic acids: An investigation of the effect of antioxidants on the stability of soybean biodiesel during storage , 2013 .

[28]  K. Das,et al.  DSC studies to evaluate the impact of bio-oil on cold flow properties and oxidation stability of bio-diesel. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[29]  S. Saka,et al.  Kinetics on the oxidation of biodiesel stabilized with antioxidant , 2009 .

[30]  Walter Wilhelm Focke,et al.  The effect of synthetic antioxidants on the oxidative stability of biodiesel , 2012 .

[31]  E. Ramalho,et al.  Use of different techniques in the evaluation of the oxidative stability of poultry fat biodiesel , 2011 .

[32]  Luiz Pereira Ramos,et al.  The influence of BHA, BHT and TBHQ on the oxidation stability of soybean oil ethyl esters (biodiesel) , 2007 .

[33]  M. Sharma,et al.  Stability of biodiesel and its blends: A review , 2010 .

[34]  James Pullen,et al.  An overview of biodiesel oxidation stability , 2012 .

[35]  Manuel Garcia-Perez,et al.  Production and fuel properties of pine chip bio-oil/biodiesel blends , 2007 .