Developing a maturity model for service systems in heavy equipment manufacturing enterprises

There is no common understanding of service systems in industry goods companies.We develop a maturity model (MM) for appropriate IS support of service systems.The model is structured along integrating service offerings into the business model.The MM measures performance and installed base management (organisational elements).IT elements are mobile workforce management, data integration and data quality. Heavy equipment manufacturing firms are increasingly challenged by the integration of service planning and execution in their established product-centred information systems (IS) environment. Despite a few standardisation efforts, there is no common understanding of service systems in industry goods companies and the corresponding requirements for the appropriation of information systems. We address this need by developing a maturity model. The design of the model is grounded in extant literature, focus group and case study research involving eleven organisations over 1.5 years. The evaluation confirms that the maturity model makes a novel and useful contribution to the design of service systems.

[1]  Ephraim R. McLean,et al.  The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update , 2003, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[2]  Rainer Nägele,et al.  Erfolgsfaktor kundenorientiertes Service Engineering — Fallstudienergebnisse zum Tertiarisierungsprozess und zur Integration des Kunden in die Dienstleistungsentwicklung , 2003 .

[3]  G. D. N. Worswick,et al.  The Service Economy. , 1969 .

[4]  Richard T. Watson,et al.  A Design Theory Approach to Building Strategic Network-Based Customer Service Systems , 2009, Decis. Sci..

[5]  P. Maglio,et al.  The Emergence of Service Science: Toward Systematic Service Innovations to Accelerate Co‐Creation of Value , 2008 .

[6]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research , 1985 .

[7]  Kathleen M. Eisenhardt,et al.  Theory Building From Cases: Opportunities And Challenges , 2007 .

[8]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  Service-dominant logic: continuing the evolution , 2008 .

[9]  Jörg Becker,et al.  Maturity models in business process management , 2012, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[10]  Joe Nandhakumar,et al.  Designing in the dark: the changing user-developer relationship in information systems development , 1997, ICIS '97.

[11]  James C. Spohrer,et al.  Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Design (SSMED): An Emerging Discipline - Outline & References , 2009, Int. J. Inf. Syst. Serv. Sect..

[12]  Jan Holmström,et al.  The uses of tracking in operations management: Synthesis of a research program , 2010 .

[13]  Atreyi Kankanhalli,et al.  Contributing Knowledge to Electronic Knowledge Repositories: An Empirical Investigation , 2005, MIS Q..

[14]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  Focus Groups for Artifact Refinement and Evaluation in Design Research , 2010, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[15]  Marinos Themistocleous,et al.  The impact of enterprise application integration on information system lifecycles , 2003, Inf. Manag..

[16]  Warren Briggs,et al.  Competitive analysis of enterprise integration strategies , 2007, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[17]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  The Case Research Strategy in Studies of Information Systems , 1987, MIS Q..

[18]  Henry L. Tosi,et al.  Multilevel Theory Building: Benefits, Barriers, and New Developments , 1999 .

[19]  Reuven Karni,et al.  A Capability Maturity Model for Knowledge-Based Decisionmaking , 2004, Inf. Knowl. Syst. Manag..

[20]  Margaret Tan,et al.  The consequences of information technology acceptance on subsequent individual performance , 1997, Inf. Manag..

[21]  Ulrich Frank,et al.  Evaluation of Reference Models , 2006 .

[22]  Dongmyung Lee,et al.  Business integration model with due-date re-negotiations , 2010, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[23]  Atish P. Sinha,et al.  A Model of Data Warehousing Process Maturity , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[24]  Mike Gregory,et al.  The use of maturity models/grids as a tool in assessing product development capability , 2002, IEEE International Engineering Management Conference.

[25]  Jan C. Aurich,et al.  Continuous improvement of industrial product-service systems , 2010 .

[26]  Jörg Becker,et al.  Bridging the Gap Between Manufacturing and Service Through IT-Based Boundary Objects , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

[27]  Ralf Knackstedt,et al.  Entwicklung Serviceorientierter Architekturen zur Integration von Produktion und Dienstleistung – Eine Konzeptionsmethode und ihre Anwendung am Beispiel des Recyclings elektronischer Geräte , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[28]  Clayton M. Christensen,et al.  Reinventing Your Business Model , 2008 .

[29]  Henry C. Lucas,et al.  The information systems identity crisis , 2005 .

[30]  Gilles Neubert,et al.  A service science framework to enhance value creation in service innovation projects. An RFID case study , 2013 .

[31]  Jörg Becker,et al.  Towards a Consolidated Concept of Maturity in Providing Customer Solutions , 2009 .

[32]  Rajiv Kishore,et al.  Conceptualization and Measurement of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM): An Examination of Past Practices and Suggestions for Future Applications , 2008, AMCIS.

[33]  Klaus Turowski,et al.  Beschaffungsmanagement für hybride Leistungsbündel in Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken - Status Quo und Gestaltungsperspektiven , 2011, Wirtschaftsinformatik.

[34]  Robert Winter,et al.  Towards a Classification of Maturity Models in Information Systems , 2010 .

[35]  Richard Baskerville,et al.  Fashion Waves in Information Systems Research and Practice , 2009, MIS Q..

[36]  John C. Henderson,et al.  Strategic Alignment: Leveraging Information Technology for Transforming Organizations , 1999, IBM Syst. J..

[37]  Peter Loos,et al.  Product-Service Systems: Konstruktion und Anwendung einer Entwicklungsmethodik , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[38]  Robert P. Bostrom,et al.  MIS Problems and failures: a sociotechnical perspective part I: the cause , 1977 .

[39]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  Design Science in Information Systems Research , 2004, MIS Q..

[40]  Laura Wynter,et al.  Revenue Management in Business Services , 2008 .

[41]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Towards a Business Process Management Maturity Model , 2005, ECIS.

[42]  Rogelio Oliva,et al.  Managing the transition from products to services , 2003, International Journal of Service Industry Management.

[43]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  Explaining information systems change: a punctuated socio-technical change model , 2008, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[44]  A. Neely Exploring the financial consequences of the servitization of manufacturing , 2008 .

[45]  Robert Winter,et al.  Situational Business Intelligence Maturity Models: An Exploratory Analysis , 2013, 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[46]  A. Pinsonneault,et al.  Challenges in Conducting Empirical Work Using Structuration Theory: Learning from IT Research , 2005 .

[47]  Judy E. Scott Mobility, Business Process Management, Software Sourcing, and Maturity Model Trends: Propositions for the IS Organization of the Future , 2007, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[48]  Mark C. Paulk,et al.  Capability Maturity Model , 1991 .

[49]  Peter K. Mills,et al.  Perspectives on the Technology of Service Operations , 1982 .

[50]  Jan Recker,et al.  A Measurement Instrument for Process Modeling Research: Development, test and procedural model , 2010, Scand. J. Inf. Syst..

[51]  Pertti Järvinen On Reviewing of Results in Design Research , 2007, ECIS.

[52]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Understanding the Main Phases of Developing a Maturity Assessment Model , 2005 .

[53]  Marco Bertoni,et al.  Knowledge Maturity as a Means to Support Decision Making during Product-Service Systems Development Projects in the Aerospace Sector , 2011 .

[54]  Karin Väyrynen,et al.  Software Business in Industrial Companies: Identifying Capabilities for Three Types of Software Business , 2010, ICIS.

[55]  Jörg Becker,et al.  The challenge of conceptual modeling for product–service systems: status-quo and perspectives for reference models and modeling languages , 2010, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[56]  M. Sawhney,et al.  The 12 different ways for companies to innovate , 2012, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[57]  Ramaraj Palanisamy,et al.  Strategic information systems planning model for building flexibility and success , 2005, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[58]  Robert J. Glushko,et al.  Designing service systems by bridging the “front stage” and “back stage” , 2009, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[59]  Stefanie Paluch,et al.  Remote Service Satisfaction: An Initial Examination , 2011, ICIS.

[60]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  Requirements Engineering for Product Service Systems , 2011, Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng..

[61]  W. Reinartz,et al.  Hybrid Offerings: How Manufacturing Firms Combine Goods and Services Successfully , 2011 .

[62]  Paul P. Maglio,et al.  Steps Toward a Science of Service Systems , 2007, Computer.

[63]  D. Spath,et al.  Entwicklung hybrider Produkte — Gestaltung materieller und immaterieller Leistungsbündel , 2006 .

[64]  Boris Otto,et al.  Towards a maturity model for corporate data quality management , 2009, SAC '09.

[65]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[66]  R. Yin Case Study Research: Design and Methods , 1984 .

[67]  Jörg Becker,et al.  Developing Maturity Models for IT Management , 2009, Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng..

[68]  Klaus Turowski,et al.  Service-Oriented Information Systems Architectures In Supply Chain Management For Hybrid Value Bundles - A Structured Comparison , 2011, PACIS.

[69]  James D. Herbsleb,et al.  Software quality and the Capability Maturity Model , 1997, CACM.

[70]  Roland Jochem,et al.  Maturity measurement of knowledge‐intensive business processes , 2011 .

[71]  F. Robert Jacobs,et al.  Enterprise resource planning (ERP)—A brief history , 2007 .

[72]  Björn Niehaves,et al.  Reconstructing the giant: On the importance of rigour in documenting the literature search process , 2009, ECIS.

[73]  Robert Winter,et al.  Managing Process Performance to Enable Corporate Sustainability: A Capability Maturity Model , 2012 .

[74]  Daniel Beverungen,et al.  Mapping the Emerging Field of Service Science: Insights from a Citation Network and Cocitation Network Analysis , 2011, ICIS.

[75]  A. Davies,et al.  Charting a path toward integrated solutions , 2006 .

[76]  E. Fleisch,et al.  Overcoming the Service Paradox in Manufacturing Companies , 2005 .

[77]  Petra Schubert,et al.  A Maturity Model for B2B Integration (BIMM) , 2011, Bled eConference.

[78]  Walter Brenner,et al.  The Influence Of Information Technology On Industrial Services In The Manufacturing Industry - A Literature Review And Future Research Directions , 2012, PACIS.

[79]  Norbert Frick Identification of Design Elements for a Maturity Model for Interorganizational Integration: A Comparative Analysis , 2012, Bled eConference.

[80]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing , 2004 .

[81]  Geoff Walsham,et al.  Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations , 1993 .

[82]  Robert J. Kauffman,et al.  An Interdisciplinary Perspective on IT Services Management and Service Science , 2010, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[83]  Oliver Thomas,et al.  Elicitation and Consolidation of Requirements for Mobile Technical Customer Services Support Systems - A Multi-Method Approach , 2013, ICIS.

[84]  Ulrika H. Westergren Opening up innovation: the impact of contextual factors on the co-creation of IT-enabled value adding services within the manufacturing industry , 2011, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[85]  Tobias Larsson,et al.  Development of product-service systems: challenges and opportunities for the manufacturing firm , 2009 .

[86]  K. Eisenhardt Building theories from case study research , 1989, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[87]  Elgar Fleisch,et al.  Strategische Ausrichtung des Servicegeschäfts in produzierenden Unternehmen , 2006 .

[88]  Herbert Moskowitz,et al.  Toward Automated Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (AIMS) , 2007, INFORMS J. Comput..

[89]  T. Levitt Production-Line Approach to Service , 2012 .

[90]  Jörg Becker,et al.  Vergleich von Reifegradmodellen für die hybride Wertschöpfung und Entwicklungsperspektiven , 2010, MKWI.

[91]  Veronica Martinez,et al.  Challenges in transforming manufacturing organisations into product‐service providers , 2010 .

[92]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  Technology infusion in service encounters , 2000 .

[93]  Richard Turner,et al.  CMMI Distilled: A Practical Introduction to Integrated Process Improvement , 2001 .

[94]  Mark N. Frolick,et al.  The IT Value Hierarchy: Using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a Metaphor for Gauging the Maturity Level of Information Technology Use within Competitive Organizations , 2008, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[95]  Anita Wölfl,et al.  The Service Economy in OECD Countries , 2005 .

[96]  Toni M. Somers,et al.  Impact of Information Technology Management Practices on Customer Service , 2001, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[97]  Steven L. Alter Metamodel for Service Design and Service Innovation: Integrating Service Activities, Service Systems, and Value Constellations , 2011, ICIS.

[98]  Zaifang Zhang,et al.  A systematic decision-making approach for the optimal product-service system planning , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..

[99]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  The Identity Crisis Within the IS Discipline: Defining and Communicating the Discipline's Core Properties , 2003, MIS Q..

[100]  Tom Butler,et al.  Service Co-Creation with the Customer: the Role of Information Systems , 2008, ECIS.

[101]  Björn Niehaves,et al.  Maturity Models in IS Research , 2010, ECIS.

[102]  Susanne Schmidt-Rauch,et al.  Putting value co-creation into practice: a case for advisory support , 2011, ECIS.

[103]  M. Bhasi,et al.  Application of concurrent engineering in manufacturing industry , 2010, Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf..

[104]  J. Simpson,et al.  The Oxford English Dictionary , 1884 .

[105]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  Engineering knowledge-intense, personoriented services - a state of the art analysis , 2011, ECIS.

[106]  Ralf Knackstedt,et al.  Information Needs in Service Systems - A Framework for Integrating Service and Manufacturing Business Processes , 2011, 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[107]  Samir Chatterjee,et al.  A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research , 2008 .

[108]  Dorothy E. Leidner,et al.  Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues , 2001, MIS Q..

[109]  A. Giddens Social theory of modern societies: A reply to my critics , 1989 .

[110]  Jan Recker,et al.  Development and validation of an instrument to measure organizational cultures' support of Business Process Management , 2014, Inf. Manag..

[111]  Tilo Böhmann,et al.  Understanding the impact of remote service technology on service business models in manufacturing: from improving after-sales services to building service ecosystems , 2011, ECIS.

[112]  Oliver Günther,et al.  IT Infrastructures in Manufacturing: Insights from Seven Case Studies , 2009, AMCIS.