Developmental ORIgins of Healthy and Unhealthy AgeiNg

Europe has the highest proportion of elderly people in the world. Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia and cognitive decline frequently coexist in the same aged individual, sharing common early risk factors and being mutually reinforcing. Among conditions which may contribute to establish early risk factors, this review focuses on maternal obesity, since the epidemic of obesity involves an ever growing number of women of reproductive age and children, calling for appropriate studies to understand the consequences of maternal obesity on the offspring’s health and for developing effective measures and policies to improve people’s health before their conception and birth. Though the current knowledge suggests that the long-term impact of maternal obesity on the offspring’s health may be substantial, the outcomes of maternal obesity over the lifespan have not been quantified, and the molecular changes induced by maternal obesity remain poorly characterized. We hypothesize that maternal insulin resistance and reduced placental glucocorticoid catabolism, leading to oxidative stress, may damage the DNA, either in its structure (telomere shortening) or in its function (via epigenetic changes), resulting in altered gene expression/repair, disease during life, and pathological ageing. This review illustrates the background to the EU-FP7-HEALTH-DORIAN project. © 2014 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg Received: January 9, 2014 Accepted: February 12, 2014 Published online: April 30, 2014 Patricia Iozzo, MD, PhD Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council (CNR) Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa (Italy) patricia.iozzo @ ifc.cnr.it www.karger.com/ofa DOI: 10.1159/000362656 This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC) (www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution permitted for non-commercial purposes only. D ow nl oa de d by : U ni ve rs ity o f E di nb ur gh 12 9. 21 5. 25 0. 14 5 /1 9/ 20 14 1 1: 45 :3 6 A M 131 Obes Facts 2014;7:130–151 DOI: 10.1159/000362656 Iozzo et al.: Developmental ORIgins of Healthy and Unhealthy AgeiNg: The Role of Maternal Obesity – Introduction to DORIAN www.karger.com/ofa © 2014 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg

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