Fano-resonant asymmetric metamaterials for ultrasensitive spectroscopy and identification of molecular monolayers.

Engineered optical metamaterials present a unique platform for biosensing applications owing to their ability to confine light to nanoscale regions and to their spectral selectivity. Infrared plasmonic metamaterials are especially attractive because their resonant response can be accurately tuned to that of the vibrational modes of the target biomolecules. Here we introduce an infrared plasmonic surface based on a Fano-resonant asymmetric metamaterial exhibiting sharp resonances caused by the interference between subradiant and superradiant plasmonic resonances. Owing to the metamaterial's asymmetry, the frequency of the subradiant resonance can be precisely determined and matched to the molecule's vibrational fingerprints. A multipixel array of Fano-resonant asymmetric metamaterials is used as a platform for multispectral biosensing of nanometre-scale monolayers of recognition proteins and their surface orientation, as well as for detecting chemical binding of target antibodies to recognition proteins.

[1]  Federico Capasso,et al.  Fano-like interference in self-assembled plasmonic quadrumer clusters. , 2010, Nano letters.

[2]  Javier Aizpurua,et al.  Metallic nanoparticle arrays: a common substrate for both surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface-enhanced infrared absorption. , 2008, ACS nano.

[3]  Federico Capasso,et al.  Self-Assembled Plasmonic Nanoparticle Clusters , 2010, Science.

[4]  M. Hentschel,et al.  Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor. , 2010, Nano letters.

[5]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Terahertz Magnetic Response from Artificial Materials , 2004, Science.

[6]  Steven R. Emory,et al.  Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering , 1997, Science.

[7]  Xiang Zhang,et al.  Split ring resonator sensors for infrared detection of single molecular monolayers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 043113 , 2009 .

[8]  J Aaron,et al.  Directional conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles for synthesis of multiplexed optical contrast agents with both delivery and targeting moieties , 2008, Nature Protocols.

[9]  Y. Wang,et al.  Plasmon-induced transparency in metamaterials. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[10]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light , 1995 .

[11]  B Guss,et al.  Chimeric IgG-binding receptors engineered from staphylococcal protein A and streptococcal protein G. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[12]  M. Engelhard,et al.  Resolving voltage-dependent structural changes of a membrane photoreceptor by surface-enhanced IR difference spectroscopy , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[13]  D P Tsai,et al.  Spectral collapse in ensembles of metamolecules. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[14]  Dan S. Tawfik,et al.  Antibody Multispecificity Mediated by Conformational Diversity , 2003, Science.

[15]  Dirk Englund,et al.  Controlling cavity reflectivity with a single quantum dot , 2007, Nature.

[16]  W. Caughey,et al.  Protein secondary structures in water from second-derivative amide I infrared spectra. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[17]  G. Wurtz,et al.  Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing. , 2009, Nature materials.

[18]  H. Haus.  Waves and fields in optoelectronics , 1983 .

[19]  David R. Smith,et al.  Metamaterials and Negative Refractive Index , 2004, Science.

[20]  J. Homola.  Surface plasmon resonance based sensors , 2006 .

[21]  Niels Verellen,et al.  Fano resonances in individual coherent plasmonic nanocavities. , 2009, Nano letters.

[22]  Liesbet Lagae,et al.  Plasmon line shaping using nanocrosses for high sensitivity localized surface plasmon resonance sensing. , 2011, Nano letters.

[23]  V. Weisskopf,et al.  Effects of Configuration Interaction on Intensities and Phase Shifts , 2001 .

[24]  D. Boehr,et al.  How Do Proteins Interact? , 2008, Science.

[25]  David L. Kaplan,et al.  Ultra-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy of protein monolayers with plasmonic nanoantenna arrays , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[26]  Kwangnak Koh,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopic characterization of antibody orientation and activity on the calixarene monolayer , 2010 .

[27]  Leonid Alekseyev,et al.  Supplementary Information for “ Negative refraction in semiconductor metamaterials ” , 2007 .

[28]  A Paul Alivisatos,et al.  Transition from isolated to collective modes in plasmonic oligomers. , 2010, Nano letters.

[29]  Israel Pecht,et al.  T cell receptor-ligand interactions: A conformational preequilibrium or an induced fit , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  Nikolay I. Zheludev,et al.  Coherent and incoherent metamaterials and order-disorder transitions , 2008, 0809.2361.

[31]  A. Tokmakoff,et al.  Amide I'-II' 2D IR spectroscopy provides enhanced protein secondary structural sensitivity. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[32]  Federico Capasso,et al.  Fano resonances in plasmonic nanoclusters: geometrical and chemical tunability. , 2010, Nano letters.

[33]  A. Pucci,et al.  Surface enhanced infrared absorption on Au nanoparticle films deposited on SiO2/Si for optical biosensing: Detection of the antibody-antigen reaction , 2006 .

[34]  Woochang Lee,et al.  Study on orientation of immunoglobulin G on protein G layer. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[35]  G. Shvets,et al.  Broadband slow light metamaterial based on a double-continuum Fano resonance. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[36]  H. Altug,et al.  An optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor for direct detection of live viruses from biological media. , 2010, Nano letters.

[37]  R. Jimenez,et al.  Protein dynamics and the immunological evolution of molecular recognition. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[38]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Temporal Coupled-Mode Theory for Fano Resonance in Light Scattering by a Single Obstacle † , 2009, 0909.3323.

[39]  Joseph Irudayaraj,et al.  Mid-IR biosensor: detection and fingerprinting of pathogens on gold island functionalized chalcogenide films. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[40]  P. Nordlander,et al.  The Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. , 2010, Nature materials.

[41]  Harald Giessen,et al.  Plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency at the Drude damping limit. , 2009, Nature materials.

[42]  Yuri S. Kivshar,et al.  Fano Resonances in Nanoscale Structures , 2010 .

[43]  K. Phillips.  Jirí Homola (Ed.): Surface plasmon resonance-based sensors , 2008 .

[44]  N. Darnton,et al.  Lifetimes of intermediates in the β-sheet to α-helix transition of β-lactoglobulin by using a diffusional IR mixer , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[45]  R. C. Reeder,et al.  Fourier transform spectroscopic imaging using an infrared focal-plane array detector. , 1995, Analytical chemistry.

[46]  D. Kern,et al.  Dynamic personalities of proteins , 2007, Nature.

[47]  N I Zheludev,et al.  Sharp trapped-mode resonances in planar metamaterials with a broken structural symmetry. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[48]  M. Wegener,et al.  Simultaneous Negative Phase and Group Velocity of Light in a Metamaterial , 2006, Science.

[49]  F. G. D. Abajo.  Colloquium: Light scattering by particle and hole arrays , 2007, 0903.1671.

[50]  Joshua LaBaer,et al.  Emerging tools for real‐time label‐free detection of interactions on functional protein microarrays , 2005, The FEBS journal.

[51]  Harald Giessen,et al.  Nanoantenna-enhanced gas sensing in a single tailored nanofocus , 2011, CLEO: 2011 - Laser Science to Photonic Applications.