Effectiveness of Water Treatment Processes in Virus Removal [with Discussion]

PREVIOUS reviews made by Clarke and Chang x and the Task Group 2760 P report 2 pointed out that there was a need for much more quantitative information regarding the fate of human viruses in the environment and water treatment plants. This was particularly true in the matter of filtration, both in the ground and in rapid filters that usually follow flocculation and settling. In an effort to fill some of the gaps, pilot water plant studies have been carried out with poliovirus at the R. A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center for 20 months, and the significant findings to date are presented in this article.

[1]  P. Kabler,et al.  Removal of enteric viruses from sewage by activated sludge treatment. , 1961, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[2]  R. Woodward,et al.  Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses in water by flocculation. II. Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses and the native bacteria in raw Ohio River water by flocculation with aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride. , 1958, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[3]  J. Melnick,et al.  Plaque formation with poliomyelitis, Coxsackie, and orphan (echo) viruses in bottle cultures of monkey epithelial cells. , 1955, Virology.

[4]  Joseph M. Dennis,et al.  1955-56 Infectious Hepatitis Epidemic in Delhi, India [with Discussion] , 1959 .

[5]  W. Winkelstein,et al.  Poliomyelitis and other enteric viruses in sewage. , 1957, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[6]  Shih Lu Chang,et al.  Viruses, Amebas, and Nematodes and Public Water Supplies , 1961 .

[7]  Walter R. Conley,et al.  Experience With Anthracite-Sand Filters , 1961 .

[8]  John E. Vogt,et al.  Infectious Hepatitis Epidemic at Posen, Mich. , 1961 .

[9]  P. Kabler,et al.  Viricidal efficiency of disinfectants in water. , 1961, Public health reports.

[10]  P. Kabler,et al.  Survival of Coxsackie Virus in Water and Sewage , 1956 .

[11]  S. Weidenkopf.  Inactivation of type 1, poliomyelitis virus with chlorine. , 1958, Virology.

[12]  Shih Lu Chang,et al.  Enteric Viruses in Water. , 1959 .

[13]  M. Starr Nichols,et al.  Synthetic Detergents as a Criterion of Wisconsin Ground Water Pollution , 1961 .

[14]  John R. Neefe,et al.  AN EPIDEMIC OF INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS APPARENTLY DUE TO A WATER BORNE AGENT: EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS AND TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS , 1945 .

[15]  R. Woodward,et al.  Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses in water by flocculation. I. Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses in water of known chemical content by flocculation with aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride under various testing conditions. , 1958, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[16]  S. Kelly,et al.  The effect of chlorine in water on enteric viruses. , 1958, American journal of public health and the nation's health.