Smart and Connected Health

diseases; and novel ways for personalized or just-in-time information exchange through connections between patients and their communities. Medication, surgery, and assistive devices rely on computing to analyze data and human responses and guide the implementation and management of therapies and interv entions. Large-scale analysis of biomedical data, personal health data, metadata and crowdsourced or social media consumer data are integrated and analyzed to help predict, prevent, or understand ongoing phenomena. Although some technology interventions are mature (for example, providing information via the Internet), others are new and in early, experimental phases (for example, personalized geotagged information in persuasive systems). All these developments, however, have an increasingly broad and signifi cant societal impact.