Knowledge acquisition: Past, present and future

As we celebrate the 50th knowledge acquisition conference this year it is appropriate to review progress in knowledge acquisition techniques not only over the quarter century since the conference series began but backwards through the millennia to the beginnings of knowledge capture and forwards through the foreseeable future to speculate on reasonable expectations, appropriate targets and potential surprises in the next quarter century. ''Time present and time past are both perhaps present in time future, and time future contained in time past. What might have been is an abstraction remaining a perpetual possibility only in world of speculation.'' (T.S. Eliot, Four Quartets).

[1]  Paul Pettitt,et al.  Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: comments on the archaeological arguments for an early Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art. , 2008, Journal of human evolution.

[2]  E. Shortliffe Computer-based medical consultations: mycin (elsevier north holland , 1976 .

[3]  Harry Melville Science Research Council , 1966 .

[4]  Robert R. Sokal,et al.  Archaeogenetics: DNA and the Population Prehistory of Europe , 2001 .

[5]  Alexander Bochman,et al.  A Logical Theory of Nonmonotonic Inference and Belief Change , 2001, Artificial Intelligence.

[6]  Randolph H. Lytton,et al.  On Deep History and the Brain , 2007 .

[7]  L. Harper,et al.  Epigenetic inheritance and the intergenerational transfer of experience. , 2005, Psychological bulletin.

[8]  Fausto Giunchiglia,et al.  SAT-Based Decision Procedures for Classical Modal Logics , 2004, Journal of Automated Reasoning.

[9]  Robert Musil The man without qualities VOL. I , 1988 .

[10]  David Hawkins,et al.  An Analysis of Expert Thinking , 1983, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[11]  K Rupp,et al.  The Economic Limit to Moore's Law , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing.

[12]  Paul M. Hirsch,et al.  Social Movements, Field Frames, and Industry Emergence: A Cultural-Political Perspective , 2003 .

[13]  Merle Goldman,et al.  The Man Without Qualities , 1999 .

[14]  William J. Clancey The knowledge level reinterpreted: Modeling how systems interact , 2004, Machine Learning.

[15]  Gary Lock,et al.  Using Computers in Archaeology: Towards Virtual Pasts , 2003 .

[16]  Frank Pfenning,et al.  Logical Frameworks , 2001, Handbook of Automated Reasoning.

[17]  Gregory Nazianzen,et al.  Origen , 1904, Inquiry about the Monks in Egypt.

[18]  Ronald J. Brachman,et al.  What IS-A Is and Isn't: An Analysis of Taxonomic Links in Semantic Networks , 1983, Computer.

[19]  Robert U. Ayres,et al.  Information, Entropy, and Progress: A New Evolutionary Paradigm , 1997 .

[20]  M. Weitz,et al.  The opening mind : a philosophical study of humanistic concepts , 1980 .

[21]  Sanford C. Goldberg Relying on Others: An Essay in Epistemology , 2010 .

[22]  Drew McDermott,et al.  The Dark Ages of AI: A Panel Discussion at AAAI-84 , 1985, AI Mag..

[23]  Silvio Levy,et al.  The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why it Had to Be Reborn , 2004 .

[24]  B. R. Gainea Varieties of Oomputer -their Applica~iohs and Inter-relationships , .

[25]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  The Tractability of Subsumption in Frame-Based Description Languages , 1984, AAAI.

[26]  Bertram Ludäscher,et al.  Reasoning about taxonomies in first-order logic , 2007, Ecol. Informatics.

[27]  Peter Cochrane 100 Years in the Past and 100 Years in The Future [Point of View] , 2012, Proc. IEEE.

[28]  H. Dreyfus What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence , 1978 .

[29]  R. W. Sloley Mathematical Cuneiform Texts , 1946, Nature.

[30]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Induction of Meta-knowledge about Knowledge Discovery , 1993, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..

[31]  William R. Hogan What's in an 'is a' link? , 2009 .

[32]  H. Wansing Substructural logics , 1996 .

[33]  Enrico Giunchiglia,et al.  SAT-Based Procedures for Temporal Reasoning , 1999, ECP.

[34]  K. Arrow,et al.  Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare , 2011 .

[35]  Henrik Eriksson,et al.  The evolution of Protégé: an environment for knowledge-based systems development , 2003, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[36]  C. Stringer Homo Britannicus: The Incredible Story of Human Life in Britain , 2006 .

[37]  Rudolf Blum,et al.  Kallimachos: The Alexandrian Library and the Origins of Bibliography , 1994 .

[38]  Dimitri Gutas,et al.  Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early 'Abbāsid Society (2nd-4th/8th-10th Centuries) , 1998 .

[39]  Ethan Mollick,et al.  Establishing Moore's Law , 2006, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.

[40]  Deborah L. McGuinness,et al.  CLASSIC: a structural data model for objects , 1989, SIGMOD '89.

[41]  Graeme Donald Snooks,et al.  The laws of history , 1998 .

[42]  Leslie H. Tharp,et al.  Myth and mathematics: A conceptualistic philosophy of mathematics I , 1989, Synthese.

[43]  John R. Searle,et al.  Minds, brains, and programs , 1980, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[44]  Lisa Jardine,et al.  Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance , 1996 .

[45]  T. Guidotti,et al.  In the wake of the plague , 2004 .

[46]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Knowledge capture through the millennia: from cuneiform to the semantic web , 2011, K-CAP '11.

[47]  P. Kidwell,et al.  Crystal fire: the birth of the information age , 1999, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.

[48]  Daniel Lehmann,et al.  Another perspective on default reasoning , 1995, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[49]  Peter Damerow,et al.  Archaic Bookkeeping: Early Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East , 1994 .

[50]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  A learning model for forecasting the future of information technology , 1986 .

[51]  A. Korotayev A Compact Macromodel of World System Evolution , 2005 .

[52]  Humberto Maturana Romesín The Organization of the Living: A Theory of the Living Organization , 1975, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[53]  Jan Wolenski Psychologism and Metalogic , 2004, Synthese.

[54]  Brian R. Gaines An Ounce of Knowledge is Worth a Ton of Data: Quantitative studies of the Trade-Off between Expertise and Data Based On Statistically Well-Founded Empirical Induction , 1989, ML.

[55]  J. Lewis-Williams The mind in the cave : consciousness and the origins of art , 2002 .

[56]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Eliciting Knowledge and Transferring It Effectively to a Knowledge-Based System , 1993, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..

[57]  Edward A. Feigenbaum,et al.  The fifth generation - artificial intelligence and Japan's computer challenge to the world , 1991 .

[58]  F. H. Sandbach Sextus Empiricus. With an English translation by R. G. Bury. In three volumes. I. Pp. xlv+513. (Loeb Classical Library.) London: Heinemann (New York: Putnams), 1933. Cloth, 10s. (leather, 12s. 6d.). , 1934 .

[59]  Bruce G. Buchanan,et al.  The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project , 1985 .

[60]  Wendy Hall,et al.  The Semantic Web Revisited , 2006, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[61]  Michael E. Hobart,et al.  When information came of age: Technologies of knowledge in the age of reason and revolution, 1700–1850 , 2002 .

[62]  Glenn W. Most,et al.  Early Greek philosophy , 2015 .

[63]  A. Nowell Human evolution, language and mind: A psychological and archaeological inquiry , 1999 .

[64]  Brian R. Gaines WebGrid: Knowledge Modeling and Inference through the World Wide Web , 2000 .

[65]  Thomas Vogt,et al.  Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science , 2012 .

[66]  Arnold Koslow,et al.  A structuralist theory of logic , 1992 .

[67]  D. Diringer The book before printing : ancient, medieval, and oriental , 1982 .

[68]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Collaboration through concept maps , 1995, CSCL.

[69]  Jean-Yves Béziau,et al.  Logica Universalis: Towards a General Theory of Logic , 2007 .

[70]  James H. Fetzer,et al.  The New Theory of Reference , 1998 .

[71]  Mildred L. G. Shaw,et al.  WebMap: Concept Mapping on the Web , 1995, World Wide Web J..

[72]  P. Compton,et al.  A philosophical basis for knowledge acquisition , 1990 .

[73]  Michael Faraday,et al.  Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics , 1990 .

[74]  Barry B. Powell,et al.  Homer and the origin of the Greek alphabet: Homeric references in poets of the seventh century , 1991 .

[75]  E. Parsons,et al.  The Alexandrian Library, glory of the Hellenic world : its rise, antiquities, and destructions , 1953 .

[76]  Concha Martínez Vidal Normativity and its vindication: The case of Logic , 2004 .

[77]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  The learning curves underlying convergence , 1998 .

[78]  Anthony Debons,et al.  The control revolution: Technological and economic origins of the information society , 1990, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[79]  Jody Azzouni II—Jody Azzouni: Singular Thoughts (Objects-Directed Thoughts) , 2011 .

[80]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Perspectives on Fifth Generation Computing , 2004 .

[81]  Donald W. Loveland,et al.  A machine program for theorem-proving , 2011, CACM.

[82]  Bruce G. Buchanan,et al.  Heuristic DENDRAL - A program for generating explanatory hypotheses in organic chemistry. , 1968 .

[83]  Brian R. Gaines A Class Library Implementation of a Principled Open Architecture Knowledge Representation Server with Plug-in Data Types , 1993, IJCAI.

[84]  F. Ramsey The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays , 2001 .

[85]  Tim Berners-Lee,et al.  Information Management: A Proposal , 1990 .

[86]  Scott E. Fahlman,et al.  NETL: A System for Representing and Using Real-World Knowledge , 1979, CL.

[87]  Eric J. Freeman,et al.  The printing press as an agent of change: communications and cultural transformations in early-modern Europe , 1981, Medical History.

[88]  Alan J. Hu,et al.  B-Cubing: New Possibilities for Efficient SAT-Solving , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[89]  J. Pearl Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference , 2000 .

[90]  Tim Crane,et al.  I–Tim Crane: The Singularity of Singular Thought , 2011 .

[91]  R. BRIGHTMAN,et al.  The Social Function of Science , 1939, Nature.

[92]  E. Eisenstein The printing press as an agent of change : communications and cultural transformations in early-modern Europe : volumes I and II , 1980 .

[93]  D. Melville,et al.  Mathematics in Ancient Iraq : A Social History , 2009 .

[94]  Adnan Darwiche,et al.  On the power of clause-learning SAT solvers as resolution engines , 2011, Artif. Intell..

[95]  James A. Hendler,et al.  Avoiding Another AI Winter , 2008, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[96]  Peter F. Patel-Schneider,et al.  Term Subsumption Languages in Knowledge Representation , 1990, AI Mag..

[97]  J.F.A.K. van Benthem Wider still and wider: resetting the bounds of logic , 1998 .

[98]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Comparing constructions through the Web , 1995, CSCL.

[99]  Paul Mellars,et al.  Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of Europe , 2004, Nature.

[100]  H. White,et al.  What is a Historical System , 1972 .

[101]  P. Hayes The Logic of Frames , 1981 .

[102]  Joseph Naveh The Origin of the Greek Alphabet , 1988 .

[103]  Nico M. Franz,et al.  BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY AND ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS , 2010 .

[104]  Terry Winograd,et al.  Understanding natural language , 1974 .

[105]  Graeme Donald Snooks,et al.  THE DYNAMIC SOCIETY: Exploring the sources of global change , 1996 .

[106]  R. Stromberg,et al.  The Religion of Isaac Newton , 1976 .

[107]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  Theoretical Foundations for Non-Monotonic Reasoning in Expert Systems , 1989, Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems.

[108]  E. Jablonka,et al.  Evolution in Four Dimensions: Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life , 2005 .

[109]  Lee Altenberg,et al.  Genome Growth and the Evolution of the Genotype-Phenotype Map , 1995, Evolution and Biocomputation.

[110]  K. Arrow Rational Choice Functions and Orderings1 , 1959 .

[111]  Infotech,et al.  Minis versus mainframes , 1978 .

[112]  Jun Gu,et al.  Algorithms for the satisfiability (SAT) problem: A survey , 1996, Satisfiability Problem: Theory and Applications.

[113]  A. Kriwet,et al.  Systematic integration of design-for-recycling into product design , 1995 .

[114]  T. Griffiths,et al.  Google and the Mind , 2007, Psychological science.

[115]  Jennifer Chu-Carroll,et al.  Building Watson: An Overview of the DeepQA Project , 2010, AI Mag..

[116]  J. Burrell Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana , 2012 .

[117]  Stephanie D. Teasley,et al.  Perspectives on socially shared cognition , 1991 .

[118]  M R Quillian,et al.  Word concepts: a theory and simulation of some basic semantic capabilities. , 1967, Behavioral science.

[119]  Hilary Putnam,et al.  A Computing Procedure for Quantification Theory , 1960, JACM.

[120]  Solomon Feferman,et al.  Logic, Logics, and Logicism , 1999, Notre Dame J. Formal Log..

[121]  Gottlob Frege,et al.  Philosophical and mathematical correspondence , 1980 .

[122]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  Defeasible inheritance systems and reactive diagrams , 2009, Log. J. IGPL.

[123]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Sixth generation computing: a conspectus of the Japanese proposals , 1986, SGAR.

[124]  Hans-Ulrich Krieger Where Temporal Description Logics Fail: Representing Temporally-Changing Relationships , 2008, KI.

[125]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  Handbook of paraconsistency , 2007 .

[126]  Brian R. Gaines Integrating Rules in Term Subsumption Knowledge Representation Servers , 1991, AAAI.

[127]  Robert Collison,et al.  Encyclopaedias: Their History Throughout the Ages , 1966 .

[128]  K. Jaishankar Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior , 2011 .

[129]  Chris Stringer,et al.  Modern human origins: progress and prospects. , 2002, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[130]  Frederick Hayes-Roth,et al.  Building expert systems , 1983, Advanced book program.

[131]  Ralf Möller,et al.  Towards ABox Modularization of semi-expressive Description Logics , 2012, Appl. Ontology.

[132]  Kate Distin The Selfish Meme: A Critical Reassessment , 2004 .

[133]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Designing Visual Languages for Description Logics , 2009, J. Log. Lang. Inf..

[134]  E A Feigenbaum,et al.  Knowledge Engineering , 1984, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[135]  J. Force,et al.  Newton’s God of Dominion: The Unity of Newton’s Theological, Scientific, and Political Thought , 1990 .

[136]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Comparing conceptual structures: consensus, conflict, correspondence and contrast , 1989 .

[137]  Alan L. Rector,et al.  Why do it the hard way? The Case for an Expressive Description Logic for SNOMED , 2008, KR-MED.

[138]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Integrating Knowledge Acquisition and Performance Systems , 1988, Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

[139]  R. Needham,et al.  Artificial Intelligence : A General Survey , 2012 .

[140]  W FrankW.OhlF,et al.  Chips in Your Head , 2007 .

[141]  Marc Linster,et al.  Integrating a knowledge acquisition tool, an expert system shell, and a hypermedia system , 1991 .

[142]  J. N. Hattiangadi How Is Language Possible? Philosophical Reflections on the Evolution of Language and Knowledge , 1988 .

[143]  K. Weick FROM SENSEMAKING IN ORGANIZATIONS , 2021, The New Economic Sociology.

[144]  R. Milo,et al.  Tools, language and cognition in human evolution , 1995, International Journal of Primatology.

[145]  Brian R. Gaines Porting Interactive Applications to the Web , 1995 .

[146]  R. Kurzweil,et al.  The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology , 2006 .

[147]  James Martin After the Internet: Alien Intelligence , 2000 .

[148]  B. Gaines,et al.  Sociocognitive Inquiry , 2010 .

[149]  Robin I. M. Dunbar The Ontogeny of Information: Developmental Systems and Evolution, Susan Oyama. Cambridge University Press (1985), ix, +206. Price £8·95 (paperback) , 1987 .

[150]  Jens Høyrup Pythagorean "rule" and "theorem": mirror of the relation between Babylonian and Greek Mathematics , 1999 .

[151]  Donald Michie,et al.  Expert systems in the micro-electronic age , 1979 .

[152]  Michael Hunter,et al.  Establishing the New Science: The Experience of the Early Royal Society , 1995 .

[153]  Donald Davidson,et al.  Reply to Burge , 1988 .

[154]  B. Gaines,et al.  Knowledge Acquisition , Modeling and Inference through the World Wide Web , 1997 .

[155]  A. J. Ayer,et al.  One’s Knowledge of Other Minds , 2008 .

[156]  Andrea Manica,et al.  A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history. , 2006, American journal of human genetics.

[157]  Anthony Anderson Review: Frank Plumpton Ramsey, The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays , 1970 .

[158]  A. Thornton,et al.  Identifying teaching in wild animals , 2010, Learning & behavior.

[159]  Kim Sterelny,et al.  From hominins to humans: how sapiens became behaviourally modern , 2011, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[160]  Vannevar Bush,et al.  As we may think , 1945, INTR.

[161]  Daniel R. Headrick,et al.  When Information Came of Age: Technologies of Knowledge in the Age of Reason and Revolution, 1700-1850 , 2000 .

[162]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Computer‐aided Constructivism , 2011 .

[163]  Paul Mellars,et al.  Rethinking the Human Revolution , 2007 .

[164]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Modeling and forecasting the information sciences , 1991, Inf. Sci..

[165]  R. Cornet,et al.  Preface , 2008, KR-MED.

[166]  A. Brooks,et al.  The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. , 2000, Journal of human evolution.

[167]  D. Dimitrov,et al.  Advances in three dimensional printing – state of the art and future perspectives , 2006 .

[168]  Hector-Neri Castañeda Introduction: Experience and the Semantics of Thinking , 1990 .

[169]  W. Mcneill Plagues and Peoples , 1977, The Review of Politics.

[170]  Y. Gingras Mapping the structure of the intellectual field using citation and co-citation analysis of correspondences , 2010 .

[171]  O. Bininda-Emonds Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information To Reveal The Tree Of Life , 2004 .

[172]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  A framework for representing knowledge , 1974 .

[173]  M. Castells The rise of the network society , 1996 .

[174]  Alexander J Bird,et al.  Inference to the Only Explanation , 2007 .

[175]  ALLAN FERGUSON,et al.  World Brain , 1938, Nature.

[176]  J. Beall The New Theory of Reference: Kripke, Marcus, and Its Origins , 2001 .

[177]  James V. Rauff,et al.  The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook , 2009 .

[178]  Patrick J. Hayes,et al.  In Defense of Logic , 1977, IJCAI.

[179]  Dimitrina S. Dimitrova,et al.  Scientific Collaboration on the Internet , 2009, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[180]  Edward H. Shortliffe,et al.  Computer-based medical consultations, MYCIN , 1976 .

[181]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  A situated classification solution of a resource allocation task represented in a visual language , 1994, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[182]  Enrico Franconi,et al.  A survey of temporal extensions of description logics , 2001, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[183]  Volker Haarslev,et al.  RACER System Description , 2001, IJCAR.

[184]  Atocha Aliseda,et al.  Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation , 2006 .

[185]  Jerome Stolnitz,et al.  The Opening Mind: A Philosophical Study of Humanistic Concepts , 1978 .

[186]  Chris Stringer,et al.  Using genetic evidence to evaluate four palaeoanthropological hypotheses for the timing of Neanderthal and modern human origins. , 2010, Journal of human evolution.

[187]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Human-Computer Interaction in Online Communities , 2001, J. Res. Pract. Inf. Technol..

[188]  D. McNeill Language and species , 1992, International Journal of Primatology.

[189]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Methodology in the Large: Modeling All There Is , 1984 .

[190]  T. Rickards Sense making in organizations , 1997 .

[191]  Daniel Lehmann,et al.  Nonmonotonic Logics and Semantics , 2001, J. Log. Comput..

[192]  Peter Ferdinand,et al.  The Internet, democracy and democratization , 2000 .

[193]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Knowledge acquisition, modelling and inference through the World Wide Web , 1997, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[194]  M. Hobart,et al.  Information Ages: Literacy, Numeracy, and the Computer Revolution , 1998 .

[195]  Mary Sophia Case,et al.  Early Greek Philosophy , 1892 .

[196]  J. Alcolea,et al.  U-Series Dating of Paleolithic Art in 11 Caves in Spain , 2012, Science.

[197]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Human Rationality Challenges Universal Logic , 2010, Logica Universalis.

[198]  Ronald J. Brachman,et al.  What's in a Concept: Structural Foundations for Semantic Networks , 1977, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[199]  Frieeland Judson Horace The eighth day of creation , 1979 .

[200]  John McCarthy,et al.  A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955 , 2006, AI Mag..

[201]  Ronald J. Brachman,et al.  "I Lied About the Trees", Or, Defaults and Definitions in Knowledge Representation , 1985, AI Mag..

[202]  J. Mill A system of logic, ratiocinative and inductive : being a connected view of the principles of evidence, and the methods of scientific investigation. , 2011 .

[203]  Michele Vescovi,et al.  Exploiting SAT and SMT Techniques for Automated Reasoning and Ontology Manipulation in Description Logics , 2011 .

[204]  Henry M. Gladney,et al.  Preserving digital information , 2007 .

[205]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  The collective stance in modeling expertise in individuals and organizations , 1994 .

[206]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  Organizational Knowledge Acquisition , 2004 .

[207]  James R. Beniger The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society , 1986 .

[208]  F. El-Baz,et al.  Remote sensing in archaeology , 2007 .

[209]  T. Moto-Oka,et al.  Fifth Generation Computer Systems , 1982 .

[210]  P. Mellars Rethinking the human revolution : new behavioural and biological perspectives on the origin and dispersal of modern humans , 2007 .

[211]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  Optimizing Terminological Reasoning for Expressive Description Logics , 2007, Journal of Automated Reasoning.

[212]  Brian R. Gaines,et al.  An Interactive Visual Language for Term Subsumption Languages , 1991, IJCAI.

[213]  Amy Nicole Langville,et al.  Google's PageRank and beyond - the science of search engine rankings , 2006 .

[214]  Geraldine Fitzpatrick,et al.  Muddling Through , 1997, Cosmopolitan Conservatisms.

[215]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Preferential Models and Cumulative Logics , 1990, Artif. Intell..

[216]  Diego Calvanese,et al.  The Description Logic Handbook , 2007 .

[217]  David E. Comings,et al.  The eighth day of creation. , 1980 .

[218]  Jerzy A. Wojciechowski Ecology of Knowledge , 2001 .