Natural insecticides fromHippocratea excelsa andHippocratea celastroides

Hippocratea excelsa andHippocratea celastroides have therapeutic and insecticide applications in Mexican traditional medicine. The toxicity ofH. excelsa root cortex has been previously demonstrated against the stored grain pest Sitophilus zeamais. To identify the active compounds, several extracts (petroleum ether, CH2Cl2, acetone, methanol, and water) and compounds were obtained from the roots, and tested (1% w/w) with a force-feeding assay againstS. zeamais. AllH. excelsa extracts showed high antifeedant activity, and elicited moderate mortality. The triterpenoid pristimerin and a mixture of sesquiterpene evoninoate alkaloids, isolated from the hexane and methanol extracts, respectively, strongly reduced the insect feeding capacity. Other triterpenoids (friedelin, β-sitosterol, canophyllol) isolated from the hexane extract, and the alditol galactitol obtained from the water extract, were innocuous or its activity was not statistically significant. The organic extracts fromH. celastroides only showed moderate antifeedant activity, while the water extract was innocuous. Galactitol was also obtained from this extract.ResumenA las plantas citadas, se les atribuye en México propiedades medicinales e insecticidas. Estudios previos han demostrado que las raíces (corteza) deHippocratea excelsa poseen actividad insecticida contra la plaga de granos almacenadosSithophilus zeamais. Para identificar las substancias activas de las raíces, se obtuvieron diversos extractos (éter de petróleo, CH2Cl2, acetona, metanol y agua) y compuestos; estos fueron ensayados mediante pruebas de alimentatión obligada (1% p/p) conS. zeamais. Todos los extractos deH. excelsa redujeron drásticamente la alimentatión e incrementaron moderadamente la mortalidad. De los extractos de hexano y metanol se aislaron el triterpeno pristimerina y una mezcla de alcaloides sesquiterpénicos, respectivamente; dichas substancias presentaron actividad antialimentaria alta. Otros triterpenoides aislados del extracte hexánico (friedelina, β-sitosterol, canofilol) y el alditol galactitol obtenido del extracto acuoso resultaron inocuos, o Men, su actividad no fue significativa estadísticamente. Los extractos orgánicos deH. celastroides presentaron actividad antialimentaria moderada, en tanto el extracte acuoso resulto inocuo. De dicho extracto también se obtuvo galactitol.

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