First Arrival Time Identification Using Transfer Learning With Continuous Wavelet Transform Feature Images

In our work, the deep learning technique has been used to develop an automatic method for identifying the first arrival times of seismic waves. This method introduces transfer learning to train a deep neural network, given a limited number of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) feature images as input. The application of the CWT for feature extraction, aimed at detecting abrupt changes in the amplitude, phase, and frequency produced by first arrivals as a whole rather than any single characteristic, provides the most informative images. First, we apply the CWT to each seismic trace to obtain the CWT feature images and split them into a set of subimages. Then, a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) is fine-tuned with limited labeled subimages. The resulting model can be used to predict probability distributions of noise, first-break, and post first-break. Finally, the first arrival times are extracted from the peaks of the probability distributions. We have tested the performance of the method using vibroseis, dynamite, and air gun shot records, which include various types of seismic waves and noise. More accurate and robust results can be obtained with the proposed method compared with the short-time and long-time average (STA/LTA) algorithm and the adaptive multiband picking algorithm (AMPA).