Thermal behavior study of discharging/charging cylindrical lithium-ion battery module cooled by channeled liquid flow

Abstract With respect to channeled liquid cooling thermal management system of electric vehicle battery pack, a thermal model is established for a battery module consisting of 71 18650-type lithium-ion batteries. In this model, thermal-lumped treatment is implemented for each single battery in the module and heat generation of a single battery is determined based on experimental measurements. In particular, heat conduction between neighboring batteries and heat transfer from the battery to the fluid channel outer wall are carefully modeled. We study, by the developed model, the battery module’s thermal behavior, and investigate the effects of discharge/charge C-rate, the liquid flow rate, the heat exchange area between neighboring batteries, and the interfacing area of the battery and the channel outer wall. The simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the cooling system. It is found from simulation results that: (1) increasing the discharge/charge C-rate leads to higher temperature and worsens the temperature uniformity in the battery module; (2) increasing the liquid flow rate can significantly lower the temperature and improves the temperature uniformity in the battery module; (3) increasing the heat exchange area between neighboring batteries slightly improves the temperature uniformity in the battery module, but only has negligible effect on lowering the temperature of the module; (4) increasing the interfacing area of the battery and the channel outer wall can significantly lower the maximum temperature in the battery module but worsens the temperature uniformity in the module.

[1]  Taejung Yeo,et al.  Non-isothermal electrochemical model for lithium-ion cells with composite cathodes , 2015 .

[2]  R. Mahamud,et al.  Reciprocating air flow for Li-ion battery thermal management to improve temperature uniformity , 2011 .

[3]  N. Omar,et al.  Lithium iron phosphate based battery: Assessment of the aging parameters and development of cycle life model , 2014 .

[4]  C. Shu,et al.  Fluid flow and heat transfer in wavy microchannels , 2010 .

[5]  John Newman,et al.  A General Energy Balance for Battery Systems , 1984 .

[6]  A. Pesaran,et al.  A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles , 2013 .

[7]  A. Jain,et al.  Experimental and theoretical analysis of a method to predict thermal runaway in Li-ion cells , 2016 .

[8]  Zonghai Chen,et al.  A novel temperature-compensated model for power Li-ion batteries with dual-particle-filter state of charge estimation , 2014 .

[9]  R. Pease,et al.  High-performance heat sinking for VLSI , 1981, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[10]  Yongqi Li,et al.  A Thermal Runaway Simulation on a Lithium Titanate Battery and the Battery Module , 2015 .

[11]  Chaoyang Wang,et al.  Analysis of Electrochemical and Thermal Behavior of Li-Ion Cells , 2003 .

[12]  Ahmad Pesaran,et al.  An Approach for Designing Thermal Management Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Battery Packs , 1999 .

[13]  Yuying Yan,et al.  A critical review of thermal management models and solutions of lithium-ion batteries for the development of pure electric vehicles , 2016 .

[14]  Antonio C. M. Sousa,et al.  Mesoscale SPH modeling of fluid flow in isotropic porous media , 2007, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[15]  E. Lara‐Curzio,et al.  Mechanical abuse simulation and thermal runaway risks of large-format Li-ion batteries , 2017 .

[16]  Jiateng Zhao,et al.  Investigation of power battery thermal management by using mini-channel cold plate , 2015 .

[17]  S. C. Chen,et al.  Thermal analysis of lithium-ion batteries , 2005 .

[18]  Jiateng Zhao,et al.  Thermal performance of mini-channel liquid cooled cylinder based battery thermal management for cylindrical lithium-ion power battery , 2015 .

[19]  Tao Wang,et al.  Development of efficient air-cooling strategies for lithium-ion battery module based on empirical heat source model , 2015 .

[20]  Shijie Tong,et al.  In-plane nonuniform temperature effects on the performance of a large-format lithium-ion pouch cell , 2016 .

[21]  V. Battaglia,et al.  Electrochemical modeling of lithium polymer batteries , 2002 .

[22]  K. Hooman,et al.  Air-cooled micro-porous heat exchangers for thermal management of fuel cells☆ , 2012 .

[23]  Qingsong Wang,et al.  Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery , 2012 .

[24]  B. Fultz,et al.  Thermodynamics of Lithium Intercalation into Graphites and Disordered Carbons , 2004 .

[25]  Chaoyang Wang,et al.  Cycling degradation of an automotive LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery , 2011 .

[26]  A. Abbassi,et al.  Optimization of conjugate heat transfer in wavy walls microchannels , 2015 .

[27]  Zhonghao Rao,et al.  A review of power battery thermal energy management , 2011 .

[28]  Rui Zhao,et al.  An experimental study of heat pipe thermal management system with wet cooling method for lithium ion batteries , 2015 .

[29]  Said Al-Hallaj,et al.  Preventing thermal runaway propagation in lithium ion battery packs using a phase change composite material: An experimental study , 2017 .

[30]  Jianqiu Li,et al.  A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles , 2013 .

[31]  Guohua Wang,et al.  Status and development of electric vehicle integrated thermal management from BTM to HVAC , 2015 .

[32]  Arun S. Mujumdar,et al.  Thermal–electrochemical model for passive thermal management of a spiral-wound lithium-ion battery , 2012 .

[33]  Jason K. Ostanek,et al.  Reducing cell-to-cell spacing for large-format lithium ion battery modules with aluminum or PCM heat sinks under failure conditions , 2016 .

[34]  Qing Gao,et al.  Investigation on the promotion of temperature uniformity for the designed battery pack with liquid flow in cooling process , 2017 .

[35]  Weifeng Fang,et al.  Electrochemical–thermal modeling of automotive Li‐ion batteries and experimental validation using a three‐electrode cell , 2010 .

[36]  Ahmad Pesaran,et al.  Battery thermal models for hybrid vehicle simulations , 2002 .

[37]  Mostafa Odabaee,et al.  Metal foam heat exchangers for thermal management of fuel cell systems – An experimental study , 2013 .

[38]  Mark W. Verbrugge,et al.  Primary current distribution in a thin-film battery. Application to power-density calculations for lithium batteries , 1995 .

[39]  Ji‐Guang Zhang,et al.  Effects of entropy changes in anodes and cathodes on the thermal behavior of lithium ion batteries , 2009 .

[40]  Taejung Yeo,et al.  Coupled electrochemical thermal modelling of a novel Li-ion battery pack thermal management system , 2016 .

[41]  Florin Mariasiu,et al.  Electric vehicle battery technologies: From present state to future systems , 2015 .

[42]  Yonghuang Ye,et al.  Electrochemical–thermal analysis of 18650 Lithium Iron Phosphate cell , 2013 .

[43]  Kim Yeow,et al.  Design of Direct and Indirect Liquid Cooling Systems for High- Capacity, High-Power Lithium-Ion Battery Packs , 2012 .

[44]  Jiuchun Jiang,et al.  Comparison of different cooling methods for lithium ion battery cells , 2016 .

[45]  M. Soni,et al.  Numerical Heat Transfer Analysis of Wavy Micro Channels with Different Cross Sections , 2017 .

[46]  Zhonghao Rao,et al.  Experimental investigation of battery thermal management system for electric vehicle based on paraffin/copper foam , 2015 .

[47]  Ralph E. White,et al.  Mathematical modeling of secondary lithium batteries , 2000 .

[48]  Fangming Jiang,et al.  Thermal analyses of LiFePO4/graphite battery discharge processes , 2013 .

[49]  Shi-gang Lu,et al.  Thermal behavior analysis of a pouch type Li[Ni0.7Co0.15Mn0.15]O2-based lithium-ion battery , 2016, Rare Metals.

[50]  A. Greco,et al.  A theoretical and computational study of lithium-ion battery thermal management for electric vehicles using heat pipes , 2014 .

[51]  D. Jeon,et al.  Thermal modeling of cylindrical lithium ion battery during discharge cycle , 2011 .

[52]  Siaw Kiang Chou,et al.  Ultra-thin minichannel LCP for EV battery thermal management , 2014 .

[53]  Anthony Jarrett,et al.  Design optimization of electric vehicle battery cooling plates for thermal performance , 2011 .