Characterization and conservation of genetic diversity in subdivided populations

We review the available tools for analysing genetic diversity in conservation programmes of subdivided populations. Ways for establishing conservation priorities have been developed in the context of livestock populations, both from the classical population genetic analysis and from the more recent Weitzman's approach. We discuss different reasons to emphasize either within or between-population variation in conservation decisions and the methodology to establish some compromise. The comparison between neutral and quantitative variation is reviewed from both theoretical and empirical points of view, and the different procedures for the dynamic management of conserved subdivided populations are discussed.

[1]  Bill Weber,et al.  The Arrogance of America's Designer Ark , 2004 .

[2]  J. Barker.  Conservation and management of genetic diversity: a domestic animal perspective , 2001 .

[3]  Variance of gene frequencies from recurrent selection in finite populations. , 1977, Genetics.

[4]  Armando Caballero,et al.  Developments in predicting the effective size of subdivided populations , 1999, Heredity.

[5]  D. Falconer,et al.  Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. , 1962 .

[6]  K. Spitze.  Population structure in Daphnia obtusa: quantitative genetic and allozymic variation. , 1993, Genetics.

[7]  P. Boursot,et al.  Interpretation of variation across marker loci as evidence of selection. , 2001, Genetics.

[8]  S. Wright,et al.  Evolution in Mendelian Populations. , 1931, Genetics.

[9]  M. Kimura,et al.  An introduction to population genetics theory , 1971 .

[10]  Michael Lynch,et al.  A Quantitative-Genetic Perspective on Conservation Issues , 1996 .

[11]  Denis Couvet,et al.  Deleterious Effects of Restricted Gene Flow in Fragmented Populations , 2002 .

[12]  Carlos Carleos,et al.  Genetic diversity measures of local European beef cattle breeds for conservation purposes , 2001, Genetics Selection Evolution.

[13]  O. Hanotte,et al.  An approach to the optimal allocation of conservation funds to minimize loss of genetic diversity between livestock breeds , 2003 .

[14]  M. Toro,et al.  The effect of neutral nonadditive gene action on the quantitative index of population divergence. , 2003, Genetics.

[15]  A Vignal,et al.  Empirical evaluation of genetic clustering methods using multilocus genotypes from 20 chicken breeds. , 2001, Genetics.

[16]  M. Beaumont,et al.  Evaluating loci for use in the genetic analysis of population structure , 1996, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[17]  P. Donnelly,et al.  Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. , 2000, Genetics.

[18]  K K Kidd,et al.  Drift, admixture, and selection in human evolution: a study with DNA polymorphisms. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  Michael E. Gilpin,et al.  The genetic effective size of a metapopulation , 1991 .

[20]  B S Weir,et al.  Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance. , 1983, Genetics.

[21]  W. G. Hill,et al.  On the precision of estimation of genetic distance , 1999, Genetics Selection Evolution.

[22]  Richard Frankham,et al.  HOW CLOSELY CORRELATED ARE MOLECULAR AND QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF GENETIC VARIATION? A META-ANALYSIS , 2001 .

[23]  D. Roff,et al.  Dominance variance: associations with selection and fitness , 1995, Heredity.

[24]  J. Woolliams,et al.  Genebanks and the conservation of farm animal genetic resources , 1999 .

[25]  L. Ollivier,et al.  SOME METHODS FOR ANALYSING GENETIC MARKER DATA IN A BIODIVERSITY SETTING - EXAMPLE OF THE PIGBIODIV DATA QUELQUES MÉTHODES D'ANALYSE DES DONNÉES DE MARQUEURS GÉNÉTIQUES POUR DES ÉTUDES DE BIODIVERSITÉ - EXEMPLE DES DONNÉES PIGBIODIV , 2003 .

[26]  P. Smouse,et al.  genalex 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research , 2006 .

[27]  M. Lynch,et al.  THE QUANTITATIVE AND MOLECULAR GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF A SUBDIVIDED SPECIES , 1999, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[28]  Ilkka Hanski,et al.  Metapopulation Dynamics: From Concepts and Observations to Predictive Models , 1997 .

[29]  M. Groenen,et al.  Assessing the contribution of breeds to genetic diversity in conservation schemes , 2002, Genetics Selection Evolution.

[30]  C. Chevalet,et al.  Measuring genetic distances between breeds: use of some distances in various short term evolution models , 2002, Genetics Selection Evolution.

[31]  K. Crandall,et al.  Considering evolutionary processes in conservation biology. , 2000, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[32]  C. Chevalet,et al.  Genetic diversity of eleven European pig breeds , 2000, Genetics Selection Evolution.

[33]  R. Frankham,et al.  HOW CLOSELY CORRELATED ARE MOLECULAR AND QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF GENETIC VARIATION? A META‐ANALYSIS , 2001, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[34]  R. Lande.  NEUTRAL THEORY OF QUANTITATIVE GENETIC VARIANCE IN AN ISLAND MODEL WITH LOCAL EXTINCTION AND COLONIZATION , 1992, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[35]  A. Yanchuk,et al.  A comparison of isozyme and quantitative genetic variation in Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia by FST. , 1996, Genetics.

[36]  I. Hanski,et al.  Inbreeding and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation , 1998, Nature.

[37]  R. Lewontin,et al.  Distribution of gene frequency as a test of the theory of the selective neutrality of polymorphisms. , 1973, Genetics.

[38]  Magali SanCristobal,et al.  Caracterización de la variabilidad genética en las razas de cerdos chinos y europeos. El proyecto PIGBIODIV2 , 2003 .

[39]  R. Frankham,et al.  Introduction to Conservation Genetics: Introduction , 2002 .

[40]  George Tsebelis.  Assessing the Contributions of the DOSEI Project , 2005 .

[41]  G. Malécot,et al.  Les mathématiques de l'hérédité , 1948 .

[42]  M. Whitlock.  Neutral additive genetic variance in a metapopulation. , 1999, Genetical research.

[43]  C. Moritz.  Uses of molecular phylogenies for conservation , 1995 .

[44]  C. Chevalet,et al.  Genetic diversity of 11 European pig breeds , 2000 .

[45]  V. Le Corre,et al.  Genetic variability at neutral markers, quantitative trait land trait in a subdivided population under selection. , 2003, Genetics.

[46]  J. Merilä,et al.  Comparison of genetic differentiation at marker loci and quantitative traits , 2001 .

[47]  吉田 仁美,et al.  Strength in Diversity , 2019, Bridging Communities through Socially Engaged Art.

[48]  R. Frankham.  Introduction to quantitative genetics (4th edn): by Douglas S. Falconer and Trudy F.C. Mackay Longman, 1996. £24.99 pbk (xv and 464 pages) ISBN 0582 24302 5 , 1996 .

[49]  G. Mace,et al.  Creative conservation: interactive management of wild and captive animals. , 1996 .

[50]  Jinliang Wang.  Monitoring and managing genetic variation in group breeding populations without individual pedigrees , 2004, Conservation Genetics.

[51]  W. G. Hill,et al.  Models of long term artificial selection in finite population. , 1986, Genetical research.

[52]  M. Sillanpää,et al.  Bayesian analysis of genetic differentiation between populations. , 2003, Genetics.

[53]  J. McKay,et al.  Adaptive population divergence: markers, QTL and traits , 2002 .

[54]  S. Wright.  Evolution and the Genetics of Populations, Volume 3: Experimental Results and Evolutionary Deductions , 1977 .

[55]  J. Felsenstein,et al.  How can we infer geography and history from gene frequencies? , 1982, Journal of theoretical biology.

[56]  A. Caballero,et al.  Analysis of genetic diversity for the management of conserved subdivided populations , 2002, Conservation Genetics.

[57]  S. Wright,et al.  Isolation by Distance. , 1943, Genetics.

[58]  A. Newton,et al.  Neutral DNA markers fail to detect genetic divergence in an ecologically important trait , 2003 .

[59]  A. Caballero,et al.  Managing Individuals' Contributions to Maximize the Allelic Diversity Maintained in Small, Conserved Populations , 2004 .

[60]  J. Barker,et al.  Conservation of livestock breed diversity , 1999 .

[61]  P. Rossiter,et al.  Disease risks associated with wildlife translocation projects. , 1993, Revue scientifique et technique.

[62]  D. Falconer.  Introduction to quantitative genetics. 1. ed. , 1984 .

[63]  D. Roff,et al.  A COMPARISON OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN LIFE‐HISTORY AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN ANIMALS , 1999, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[64]  D. Notter,et al.  The importance of genetic diversity in livestock populations of the future. , 1999, Journal of animal science.

[65]  M. Nei.  Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. , 1973, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[66]  Edwin H. Lowe,et al.  Single large or several small? Population fragmentation in the captive management of endangered species , 1998 .

[67]  S. Wright,et al.  Evolution and the Genetics of Populations: Volume 2, The Theory of Gene Frequencies , 1968 .

[68]  K. Hindar,et al.  Effective size in management and conservation of subdivided populations. , 2003, Journal of theoretical biology.

[69]  J. Ruane.  A critical review of the value of genetic distance studies in conservation of animal genetic resources , 1999 .

[70]  Kenneth C. W. Kammeyer,et al.  An introduction to population , 1974 .

[71]  B. Charlesworth,et al.  Effects of metapopulation processes on measures of genetic diversity. , 2000, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[72]  M. Whitlock,et al.  The effective size of a subdivided population. , 1997, Genetics.

[73]  H. Harpending,et al.  Population structure and quantitative characters. , 1983, Genetics.

[74]  B. Kinghorn,et al.  Balancing genetic diversity, genetic merit and population viability in conservation programmes , 2003 .

[75]  Jinliang Wang,et al.  Application of the One‐Migrant‐per‐Generation Rule to Conservation and Management , 2004 .

[76]  S. Kalinowski,et al.  How many alleles per locus should be used to estimate genetic distances? , 2002, Heredity.

[77]  M. Nei.  Molecular Evolutionary Genetics , 1987 .

[78]  J. Foulley,et al.  Some suggestions on how to preserve both within- and between-breed genetic diversity , 2002 .

[79]  J. Foulley,et al.  An overview of the Weitzman approach to diversity , 1998, Genetics Selection Evolution.

[80]  Carey Krajewski,et al.  Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity: a comparison and critique , 1994 .

[81]  Martin L. Weitzman,et al.  An Application of Diversity Theory to Crane Conservation , 1993 .

[82]  R. Lande.  Genetics and demography in biological conservation. , 1988, Science.

[83]  F. Allendorf,et al.  The One‐Migrant‐per‐Generation Rule in Conservation and Management , 1996 .

[84]  K J Dawson,et al.  A Bayesian approach to the identification of panmictic populations and the assignment of individuals. , 2001, Genetical research.

[85]  W. G. Hill.  Maintenance of quantitative genetic variation in animal breeding programmes , 2000 .

[86]  A. Storfer,et al.  Quantitative genetics: a promising approach for the assessment of genetic variation in endangered species. , 1996, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[87]  T. Tregenza,et al.  Levels of genetic polymorphism: marker loci versus quantitative traits. , 1998, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[88]  D. Laloë,et al.  Is a multivariate consensus representation of genetic relationships among populations always meaningful? , 2002, Genetics.

[89]  J. Jordana,et al.  Genetic conservation of five endangered Spanish donkey breeds , 2002 .

[90]  O. Hanotte,et al.  Weitzman's Approach and Conservation of Breed Diversity: an Application to African Cattle Breeds , 2003 .

[91]  A. Ellison,et al.  Conservation genetics : where are we now ? , 2001 .

[92]  R. Petit,et al.  Identifying Populations for Conservation on the Basis of Genetic Markers , 1998 .

[93]  L. Nunney.  THE EFFECTIVE SIZE OF A HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POPULATION , 1999, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[94]  A. Caballero,et al.  Interrelations between effective population size and other pedigree tools for the management of conserved populations. , 2000, Genetical research.

[95]  R. Latta.  Differentiation of Allelic Frequencies at Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Locally Adaptive Traits , 1998, The American Naturalist.

[96]  M. Lynch,et al.  Lack of concordance between genetic diversity estimates at the molecular and quantitative-trait levels , 2000, Conservation Genetics.

[97]  A. Carvajal-Rodríguez,et al.  Quantitative variation as a tool for detecting human-induced impacts on genetic diversity , 2005 .

[98]  C. Barragán,et al.  Analysis of genetic diversity and conservation priorities in Iberian pigs based on microsatellite markers , 2004, Heredity.