Challenges and opportunities for the application of biofuel

Global social and economic developments are mainly driven by energy. Growing energy demand and environmental consequences have led towards alternative renewable and sustainable energy technologies world-wide. Being the 4th largest primary energy consumer globally, India's energy demand and challenges are multipronged. Considering this, India has initiated one of the world's largest alternative energy programs including solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass energy etc. Among those, the biomass based energy has been considered as the most promising source of petroleum fuel alternative. In India the biomass derived liquid biofuel have emerged as primary alternative energy source to meet its petroleum fuel demand. This article is mainly focused on to review the feasibility and challenges of liquid biofuel production technologies, associated challenges and constraints in their effective commercialization to meet the energy demand of India. The current biofuel scenario of India and its future perspectives are also elaborated in the present study.

[1]  A. E. Atabani,et al.  Performance and emission analysis of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera methyl ester fuel blends in a multi-cylinder diesel engine , 2014 .

[2]  Qinglong Xie,et al.  Syngas production by two-stage method of biomass catalytic pyrolysis and gasification. , 2012, Bioresource technology.

[3]  Girdhar Joshi,et al.  Evaluation of Additive Effects on Oxidation Stability of Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel Blends with Conventional Diesel Sold at Retail Outlets , 2013 .

[4]  M. Asadullah.  Biomass gasification gas cleaning for downstream applications: A comparative critical review , 2014 .

[5]  Avinash Kumar Agarwal,et al.  Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines , 2007 .

[6]  G. Cornacchia,et al.  Anaerobic digestion of semi-solid organic waste: biogas production and its purification , 2002 .

[7]  Parag R. Gogate,et al.  Intensification of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose Using Ultrasound for Efficient Bioethanol Production: A Review , 2013 .

[8]  Pankaj Kumar,et al.  Transesterification of Jatropha and Karanja oils by using waste egg shell derived calcium based mixed metal oxides , 2015 .

[9]  Z. Yaakob,et al.  A review on the oxidation stability of biodiesel , 2014 .

[10]  M. Groom,et al.  Biofuels and Biodiversity: Principles for Creating Better Policies for Biofuel Production , 2008, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[11]  S. Saravanan,et al.  Combustion characteristics of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with a blend of crude rice bran oil methyl ester and diesel , 2010 .

[12]  Jhih-Shyang Shih,et al.  Assessing the Role of Renewable Energy Policies in Landfill Gas to Energy Projects , 2014 .

[13]  Mustafa Balat,et al.  Biomass Energy and Biochemical Conversion Processing for Fuels and Chemicals , 2006 .

[14]  Hsien Hui Khoo,et al.  Review of bio-conversion pathways of lignocellulose-to-ethanol: Sustainability assessment based on land footprint projections , 2015 .

[15]  A. Sharma,et al.  Exploration of upstream and downstream process for microwave assisted sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[16]  Gaurav Dwivedi,et al.  Status and Policy of Biodiesel Development in India , 2014 .

[17]  A. K. Akella,et al.  Social, economical and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems , 2009 .

[18]  Nibedita Sarkar,et al.  Bioethanol production from agricultural wastes: An overview , 2012 .

[19]  Roberto Parra,et al.  Renewable energy research progress in Mexico: A review , 2014 .

[20]  P P Rao,et al.  Assessing Viability of Bio-ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum. Working Paper Series no. 30 , 2013 .

[21]  Meng Chen,et al.  Continuous microalgae cultivation in a photobioreactor , 2012, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[22]  Sangeeta,et al.  Alternative fuels: An overview of current trends and scope for future , 2014 .

[23]  Adam Harvey,et al.  Assessing the potential of algal biomass opportunities for bioenergy industry: A review , 2015 .

[24]  Lin Lin,et al.  Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel , 2011 .

[25]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Evaluation of biodiesel blending, engine performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha curcas methyl ester: Malaysian perspective , 2013 .

[26]  Hwai Chyuan Ong,et al.  Life cycle cost and sensitivity analysis of palm biodiesel production , 2012 .

[27]  Bruno Sialve,et al.  Anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass: Challenges, opportunities and research needs. , 2015, Bioresource technology.

[28]  A. Dalai,et al.  Green diesel synthesis by hydrodeoxygenation of bio-based feedstocks: Strategies for catalyst design and development , 2015 .

[29]  Xiaoqian Ma,et al.  Thermogravimetric analysis of microalgae combustion under different oxygen supply concentrations , 2011 .

[30]  D. Barh,et al.  An Indian scenario on renewable and sustainable energy sources with emphasis on algae , 2012, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[31]  Inaki Gandarias,et al.  Hydrodeoxygenation of the angelica lactone dimer, a cellulose-based feedstock: simple, high-yield synthesis of branched C7 -C10 gasoline-like hydrocarbons. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[32]  Avanish K. Tiwari,et al.  Impact of additives on storage stability of Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) biodiesel blends with conventional diesel sold at retail outlets , 2014 .

[33]  H. Y. Shrirame,et al.  PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH METHYL ESTER OF CASTOR SEED OIL , 2010 .

[34]  A. Bridgwater.  Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading , 2012 .

[35]  Siddharth Jain,et al.  Prospects of biodiesel from Jatropha in India: A review , 2010 .

[36]  P. Joshi,et al.  Sustainable Development of Biofuels: Prospects and Challenges , 2009 .

[37]  M. Dassisti,et al.  Technologies and developments of third generation biofuel production , 2015 .

[38]  S. Assabumrungrat,et al.  Production of bio-hydrogenated diesel by catalytic hydrotreating of palm oil over NiMoS2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. , 2014, Bioresource technology.

[39]  A. Lycourghiotis,et al.  Development of nickel based catalysts for the transformation of natural triglycerides and related compounds into green diesel: a critical review , 2016 .

[40]  I. Ferrer,et al.  Biogas production from microalgae grown in wastewater: Effect of microwave pretreatment , 2013 .

[41]  Bhupendra Singh Chauhan,et al.  A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fueled with Karanja biodiesel and its blends , 2013 .

[42]  R. Velraj,et al.  Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with Pongamia pinnata methyl ester (PPME) and its blends with diesel , 2008 .

[43]  R. Wirth,et al.  Exploitation of algal-bacterial associations in a two-stage biohydrogen and biogas generation process , 2015, Biotechnology for Biofuels.

[44]  Dixit Garg,et al.  Barriers to renewable/sustainable energy technologies adoption: Indian perspective , 2015 .

[45]  H. Aydin,et al.  Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine. , 2010 .

[46]  Julian R.H. Ross,et al.  Catalysis for conversion of biomass to fuels via pyrolysis and gasification: A review , 2011 .

[47]  M. Martínez,et al.  Long term storage stability of biodiesel: Influence of feedstock, commercial additives and purification step , 2013 .

[48]  Anastasia Zabaniotou,et al.  Algae as promising feedstocks for fermentative biohydrogen production according to a biorefinery approach: A comprehensive review , 2015 .

[49]  Hwai Chyuan Ong,et al.  Optimization of biodiesel production and engine performance from high free fatty acid Calophyllum inophyllum oil in CI diesel engine , 2014 .

[50]  Robert L. McCormick,et al.  Properties of Ethanol Fuel Blends Made with Natural Gasoline , 2015 .

[51]  W. Daud,et al.  Activity of solid catalysts for biodiesel production: A review , 2009 .

[52]  Teresa M. Mata,et al.  Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review , 2010 .

[53]  Indu R. Pillai,et al.  Renewable energy in India: Status and potential , 2009 .

[54]  B. Weckhuysen,et al.  Catalytic lignin valorization process for the production of aromatic chemicals and hydrogen. , 2012, ChemSusChem.

[55]  Daniel Robledo,et al.  Hydrogen production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under light-driven and sulfur-deprived conditions: Using biomass grown in outdoor photobioreactors at the Yucatan Peninsula , 2014 .

[56]  A. Witze,et al.  Energy alternatives: Electricity without carbon , 2008, Nature.

[57]  Avinash Kumar Agarwal,et al.  Production of biodiesel from high-FFA neem oil and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in a single cylinder DICI engine , 2012 .

[58]  Avanish K. Tiwari,et al.  Effect of antioxidants on physico-chemical properties of EURO-III HSD (high speed diesel) and Jatropha biodiesel blends , 2013 .

[59]  A. Melis,et al.  Green alga hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects , 2002 .

[60]  A.S.M.A. Haseeb,et al.  Influence of different factors on the stability of biodiesel: A review , 2014 .

[61]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Biorefineries: Current activities and future developments , 2009 .

[62]  Amrita Goldar,et al.  Ethanol blending policy in India: demand and supply gaps. , 2011 .

[63]  Rashmi,et al.  Prospects of biodiesel production from microalgae in India , 2009 .

[64]  Electo Eduardo Silva Lora,et al.  Biofuels: Environment, technology and food security , 2009 .

[65]  Philip Owende,et al.  Biofuels from microalgae—A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products , 2010 .

[66]  Razif Harun,et al.  Effects of lipid inhibition on biogas production of anaerobic digestion from oily effluents and sludges: an overview. , 2015 .

[67]  Mohammad Asadullah,et al.  Barriers of commercial power generation using biomass gasification gas: A review , 2014 .

[68]  Piet N.L. Lens,et al.  A review on dark fermentative biohydrogen production from organic biomass: Process parameters and use of by-products , 2015 .

[69]  David Chiaramonti,et al.  Review of fuel oil quality and combustion of fast pyrolysis bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass , 2014 .

[70]  A. Sharma,et al.  Microwave enhanced alcoholysis of non-edible (algal, jatropha and pongamia) oils using chemically activated egg shell derived CaO as heterogeneous catalyst. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[71]  Peter McKendry,et al.  Energy production from biomass (Part 1): Overview of biomass. , 2002, Bioresource technology.

[72]  Yebo Li,et al.  Challenges and strategies for solid-state anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass , 2015 .

[73]  S. Ceylan,et al.  Second-generation sustainability: Application of the distributed activation energy model to the pyrolysis of locally sourced biomass–coal blends for use in co-firing scenarios , 2015 .

[74]  Bruce E. Rittmann,et al.  Photosynthetic bioenergy utilizing CO2: an approach on flue gases utilization for third generation biofuels , 2015 .

[75]  Ronald L. Madl,et al.  Bio-butanol vs. bio-ethanol: a technical and economic assessment for corn and switchgrass fermented by yeast or Clostridium acetobutylicum. , 2010 .

[76]  J. P. Maity,et al.  Microalgae for third generation biofuel production, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and wastewater treatment : Present and future perspectives - A mini review , 2014 .

[77]  R. Praveen Kumar,et al.  Aquatic biomass (algae) as a future feed stock for bio-refineries: A review on cultivation, processing and products , 2015 .

[78]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  Experimental investigation on a DI diesel engine fuelled with Madhuca Indica ester and diesel blend , 2010 .

[79]  Ashwani Kumar,et al.  Potential production of bioenergy from biomass in an Indian perspective , 2014 .

[80]  Michael Taylor,et al.  An overview of second generation biofuel technologies. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[81]  Raphael Slade,et al.  Micro-algae cultivation for biofuels: Cost, energy balance, environmental impacts and future prospects , 2013 .

[82]  Wen Tong Chong,et al.  Engine performance and emissions using Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in a CI diesel engine , 2014 .

[83]  Carlos A Cardona,et al.  Fuel ethanol production: process design trends and integration opportunities. , 2007, Bioresource technology.

[84]  Anastasia Zabaniotou,et al.  Rapeseed residues utilization for energy and 2nd generation biofuels , 2008 .

[85]  M. Bilal Khan,et al.  Progress in energy from microalgae: A review , 2013 .

[86]  V. Gunaseelan.  Anaerobic digestion of biomass for methane production: A review , 1997 .

[87]  Dr.S.S.Kore M. M. Kulkarni.  Performance Characterization of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine Blended with castor oil and Analysis of Exhaust Gases , 2013 .

[88]  David Roland-Holst,et al.  Energy security for India: Biofuels, energy efficiency and food productivity , 2014 .

[89]  D. Adhikari,et al.  Biomass-based energy fuel through biochemical routes: A review , 2009 .

[90]  T. Koizumi.  Biofuel Programs in East Asia: Developments, Perspectives, and Sustainability , 2011 .

[91]  L. Gomez,et al.  Sustainable liquid biofuels from biomass: the writing's on the walls. , 2008, The New phytologist.

[92]  L. Domingues,et al.  Technological trends, global market, and challenges of bio-ethanol production. , 2010, Biotechnology advances.

[93]  Prasant Kumar Rout,et al.  Production of first and second generation biofuels: A comprehensive review , 2010 .

[94]  S. Amin.  Review on biofuel oil and gas production processes from microalgae , 2009 .

[95]  S. K. Verma,et al.  Jatropha curcas: A ten year story from hope to despair , 2014 .

[96]  A. Mohamed,et al.  Deoxygenation of fatty acid to produce diesel-like hydrocarbons: A review of process conditions, reaction kinetics and mechanism , 2015 .

[97]  Riitta L. Keiski,et al.  Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency? , 2011 .

[98]  R. Borup,et al.  Dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel , 2006 .

[99]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Properties and use of Moringa oleifera biodiesel and diesel fuel blends in a multi-cylinder diesel engine , 2014 .

[100]  A. E. Atabani,et al.  Recent scenario and technologies to utilize non-edible oils for biodiesel production , 2014 .

[101]  Sharanappa Godiganur,et al.  6BTA 5.9 G2-1 Cummins engine performance and emission tests using methyl ester mahua (Madhuca indica) oil/diesel blends , 2009 .

[102]  Sai Gu,et al.  Research and development activities in pyrolysis – Contributions from Indian scientific community – A review , 2015 .

[103]  P. Gallezot,et al.  Conversion of biomass to selected chemical products. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[104]  Avanish K. Tiwari,et al.  The effect of binary antioxidant proportions on antioxidant synergy and oxidation stability of Jatropha and Karanja biodiesels. , 2015 .

[105]  Huijuan Gong,et al.  Study on the deactivation of the deoxygen catalyst during the landfill gas upgrading process , 2015 .

[106]  Md. Azhar Uddin,et al.  Hydrogen production from algal biomass via steam gasification. , 2014, Bioresource technology.

[107]  M. Premalatha,et al.  Large-scale open pond algae biomass yield analysis in India: a case study , 2014 .

[108]  Mohd Ambar Yarmo,et al.  A review on bio-oil production from biomass by using pyrolysis method , 2012 .

[109]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Effect of alcohol–gasoline blends optimization on fuel properties, performance and emissions of a SI engine , 2015 .

[110]  H. Chanakya,et al.  Sustainability of Large-Scale Algal Biofuel Production in India , 2012 .

[111]  J. Verma,et al.  Sustainable bio-ethanol production from agro-residues: A review , 2015 .

[112]  J. Painuly.  Barriers to renewable energy penetration; a framework for analysis , 2001 .

[113]  Peter McKendry,et al.  Assessment of waste derived gases as a renewable energy source - Part 1 , 2015 .

[114]  D. Leung,et al.  A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification , 2010 .

[115]  M. E. Borges,et al.  Recent developments on heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production by oil esterification and transesterification reactions: A review , 2012 .

[116]  Gaurav Dwivedi,et al.  Prospects of biodiesel from Pongamia in India , 2014 .

[117]  J. Grace,et al.  Gasification of Woody Biomass. , 2015, Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering.

[118]  G. Timilsina,et al.  How much hope should we have for biofuels , 2011 .

[119]  Govinda R. Timilsina,et al.  Status and barriers of advanced biofuel technologies: A review , 2011 .

[120]  R. Dhillon,et al.  Mitigation of global warming through renewable biomass , 2013 .

[121]  L. C. Meher,et al.  Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review , 2006 .

[122]  Shiv Kumar Lohan,et al.  Sustainability of biodiesel production as vehicular fuel in Indian perspective , 2013 .

[123]  D. Mohan,et al.  Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review , 2006 .

[124]  Gunnur Kocar,et al.  An overview of biofuels from energy crops: Current status and future prospects , 2013 .

[125]  Ch Ravinder Reddy,et al.  A Review of the National Biofuel Policy in India: A critique of the Need to Promote Alternative Feedstocks. Working Paper Series no. 34 , 2012 .

[126]  Dwight Tomes,et al.  Biofuels: Global Impact on Renewable Energy, Production Agriculture, and Technological Advancements , 2011 .