Electrically controllable double series (DS) line with left- or right-handed propagation

A reconfigurable artificial transmission line based on a novel unit cell configuration is presented. The double series (DS) unit cell consists of a series resonator in the series and the shunt branch of the unit cell. Basic theory of the DS line is given by using the transmission line approach. To tune the propagation constant and the characteristic impedance of the artificial transmission line varactors are used. A biasing network for the DS line is designed to apply a DC controlling voltage to the varactors. That way an either right- or left-handed transmission band can be obtained which is demonstrated by simulation and experiment.