Epidemiology of Microsporidiosis

This chapter focuses on the epidemiology of human microsporidiosis. The coverage of the chapter includes prevalence and geographic distribution, case demographics and populations at risk, and five potential modes of transmission: zoonotic infections, waterborne transmission, airborne transmission, respiratory tract acquisition and direct person-to-person transmission. Surveys for antibodies to microsporidia in human sera have focused exclusively on human exposure to Encephalitozoon species. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy is a promising treatment regimen for prevention of microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS, long-term follow-up is clearly needed to assess whether these patients are actually free of the intracellular stages of microsporidia or are temporarily in remission with an inactive infection.

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