Fundamentals of extracting species from soils by electrokinetics

Abstract Bench-scale and pilot-scale studies demonstrate that ionic contaminant species, some organic contaminants, and certain radionuclides can be removed efficiently from fine-grained deposits by application of electrical currents across a soil mass, through electrodes that allow gress and ingress of a pore fluid. This technique (electrokinetic remediation or electrochemical soil processing) results in soil acidification, contaminant desorption, transport, accumulation, and removal. A review of the fundamentals of the process and the theoretical development, together with a review of considerations and limitations for full-scale application of the technique for site remediation, are presented.

[1]  James K. Mitchell,et al.  Conduction phenomena: from theory to geotechnical practice , 1991 .

[2]  D. H. Gray,et al.  Electrochemical Alteration of Clay Soils , 1969 .

[3]  A. Alshawabkeh,et al.  Removal of contaminants from soils by electrokinetics: A theoretical treatise , 1992 .

[4]  R. J. Hunter,et al.  Zeta Potential in Colloid Science , 1981 .

[5]  Elaine S. Oran,et al.  Numerical Simulation of Reactive Flow , 1987 .

[6]  J. Hamed.  Decontamination of Soil Using Electro-Osmosis. , 1990 .

[7]  Robert D. Harter,et al.  Effect of Soil pH on Adsorption of Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Nickel , 1983 .

[8]  J. L. Larson,et al.  A Laboratory Study of Electromigration as a Possible Field Technique for the Removal of Contaminants from Ground Water , 1986 .

[9]  James K. Mitchell,et al.  FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRO-OSMOSIS IN SOILS , 1967 .

[10]  C. E. O'bannon,et al.  Electro-Osmosis Chemistry and Water Quality , 1980 .

[11]  Y. Acar.  Electrokinetic Soil Processing (A Review of the State of the Art) , 1992 .

[12]  R. J. Krizek.  Stabilization of polluted dredgings by electro-osmosis. , 1977 .

[13]  James K. Mitchell,et al.  ELECTRO-KINETIC FLOW BARRIERS IN COMPACTED CLAY , 1990 .

[14]  F. Higginson,et al.  Influence of pH on copper and zinc uptake by soil clays , 1981 .

[15]  M. Corapcioglu.  Formulation of electro-chemico-osmotic processes in soils , 1991 .

[16]  Yalcin B. Acar,et al.  Electrochemical processing of soils: theory of pH gradient development by diffusion, migration, and linear convection. , 1990 .

[17]  B. Warkentin,et al.  Buffer capacity and lead retention in some clay materials , 1990 .

[18]  Yalcin B. Acar,et al.  Pb(II) Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics , 1991 .

[19]  Melvin I. Esrig.  Pore Pressures, Consolidation, and Electrokinetics , 1968 .

[20]  C. Bruell,et al.  Electroosomotic Removal of Gasoline Hydrocarbons and TCE From Clay , 1993 .

[21]  R. J. Gale,et al.  PHENOL REMOVAL FROM KAOLINITE BY ELECTROKINETICS , 1992 .