Research Methods in Language Variation and Change

Introduction: investigating language variation and change Manfred Krug, Julia Schluter and Anette Rosenbach Part I. Collecting Empirical Data: Section 1. Fieldwork and Linguistic Mapping: 1. Collecting ethnographic and sociolinguistic data Daniel Schreier 2. Using participant observation and social network analysis Lynn Clark and Graeme Trousdale 3. Computer mapping of language data William A. Kretzschmar, Jr Section 2. Eliciting Linguistic Data: 4. Designing and conducting interviews and questionnaires Manfred Krug and Katrin Sell 5. Obtaining introspective acceptability judgements Thomas Hoffmann Section 3. Alternatives to Standard Reference Corpora: 6. Using historical literature databases as corpora Julia Schluter 7. Using the OED quotations database as a diachronic corpus Gunter Rohdenburg 8. Using web-based data for the study of global English Marianne Hundt Part II. Analysing Empirical Data: Section 4. Corpus Analysis: 9. Using 'small' corpora to document ongoing grammatical change Christian Mair 10. Using tag sequences to retrieve grammatical structures Sebastian Hoffmann 11. Categorizing syntactic constructions in a corpus Nicholas Smith and Elena Seoane Section 5. Phonetic and Phonological Analysis: 12. Analysing phonetic and phonological variation on the segmental level Ulrike Gut 13. Analysing phonetic and phonological variation on the suprasegmental level Ulrike Gut 14. Reconstructing stress in Old and Middle English Donka Minkova Section 6. Combinations of Multiple Types of Data: 15. Combining elicitation data with corpus data Anette Rosenbach 16. Using convergent evidence from psycholinguistics and usage Marilyn Ford and Joan Bresnan 17. Applying typological methods in dialectology Lieselotte Anderwald and Bernd Kortmann Part III. Evaluating Empirical Data: Section 7. Basic Statistical Analysis: 18. Quantifying variation and estimating the effects of sample size on the frequencies of linguistic variables Heikki Mannila, Terttu Nevalainen and Helena Raumolin-Brunberg 19. Elementary statistical testing with R Stefan Th. Gries Section 8. Multifactorial Analysis: 20. Analysing and interpreting variation in the sociolinguistic tradition Sali A. Tagliamonte 21. Identifying multidimensional patterns of variation across registers Douglas Biber and Bethany Gray 22. Computing linguistic distances between varieties April McMahon and Warren Maguire 23. Analysing aggregated linguistic data Benedikt Szmrecsanyi.