E-Government and the Transformation of Professionalism: The Case of the Police

In this paper we show how E-Government contributes to transform professionalism on the basis of the police work as empirical case. During the last years numerous innovations, particularly for the internal communication of the police as well as for tasks focused on predictive policing or civil security records have been implemented. These innovations coined in the term E-Policing represent a derivation of E-Government since their aim is to achieve a better service for the citizens. Moreover, E-Government tools in the context of work goals towards a more efficient organizational structure and division of tasks. In this process some tasks and with them their required competences and qualifications become obsolete. Thus professionalism and the particular discretion that the professionals should apply also change. Even if this general process is theoretically known from work in the private sector, evidence about the effects of E-Government implementation on professionalism is still missing.

[1]  John Erpenbeck,et al.  Handbuch Kompetenzmessung : erkennen, verstehen und bewerten von Kompetenzen in der betrieblichen, pädagogischen und psychologischen Praxis , 2017 .

[2]  R. Wimmer.  Macht und Organisation , 2016 .

[3]  Christoph Deutschmann.  Geld und kapitalistische Dynamik , 2009 .

[4]  J. Chan,et al.  The Impact of Information Technology on Police Practices , 2001 .

[5]  Andrew L. Friedman,et al.  Industry and Labour , 1977 .

[6]  M. Alvesson.  Management Of Knowledge-Intensive Companies , 1995 .

[7]  W. Staples.  Policing Contingencies , 2004 .

[8]  K. Weick,et al.  Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks. , 1993 .

[9]  David Marsden,et al.  A Theory of Employment Systems: Micro-Foundations of Societal Diversity , 1999 .

[10]  W. Wiegand.  : The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor , 1990 .

[11]  Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique , 1982 .

[12]  F. Thompson.  Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services , 1983 .

[13]  R. R. Harper,et al.  THE COMPUTER GAMEDetectives, Suspects, and Technology , 1991 .

[14]  M. Burawoy.  The Politics of Production: Factory Regimes Under Capitalism and Socialism , 1985 .

[15]  Gary Gereffi,et al.  Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism. , 1995 .

[16]  M. Reed,et al.  Expert Power and Control in Late Modernity: An Empirical Review and Theoretical Synthesis , 1996 .

[17]  The structure of consciousness. , 1965, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[18]  Samuel Nunn,et al.  Police Information Technology: Assessing the Effects of Computerization on Urban Police Functions , 2001 .

[19]  Tino Schuppan,et al.  E-Government Innovations and Work Transformations: Implications of the Introduction of Electronic Tools in Public Government Organizations , 2014, Int. J. Electron. Gov. Res..

[20]  S. Brint.  Eliot Freidson's Contribution to the Sociology of Professions , 1993 .

[21]  A. M. Walker.  Tacit knowledge , 2017, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[22]  G. Marx,et al.  Technological Innovations in Crime Prevention and Policing. A Review of the Research on Implementation and Impact , 2011 .

[23]  M. Burawoy.  The Politics of Production , 1985 .

[24]  Albert J. Meehan.  The Impact of Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) Information Technology on Communication and Recordkeeping in Patrol Work , 1998 .

[25]  Rudi Schmiede,et al.  Arbeitsbeziehungen in der IT-Industrie , 2000 .

[26]  H. Braverman.  Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century , 1996 .

[27]  E-Policing in Police Services - Definitions, Issues and Current Experiences , 2007 .

[28]  Andreas Boes,et al.  Arbeitsbeziehungen in der IT-Industrie : Erosion oder Innovation der Mitbestimmung? , 2002 .

[29]  Wolfgang Heydrich.  Nachträgliches zur Kompetenz , 1995 .

[30]  Andreas Boes,et al.  Arbeit im Informationsraum: Eine neue Qualität der Informatisierung als Basis einer neuen Phase der Globalisierung , 2010 .

[31]  D. Marsden.  A Theory of Employment Systems: Micro-Foundations of Societal Diversity , 1999 .

[32]  Eliot Freidson,et al.  Professionalism: The Third Logic , 2001 .

[33]  Christoph Deutschmann.  Postindustrielle Industriesoziologie : Theoretische Grundlagen, Arbeitsverhältnisse und soziale Identitäten , 2002 .

[34]  A. Friedman.  Industry and Labour: Class Struggle at Work and Monopoly Capitalism , 1980 .

[35]  Esther Ruiz Ben,et al.  Timing expertise in software development environments , 2007 .

[36]  N. Fligstein,et al.  Social Skill and Institutional Theory , 1997 .

[37]  Mila Gascó,et al.  ICT Trends in European Policing , 2011 .

[38]  Jo Reichertz.  Review: Rafael Behr (2006). Polizeikultur. Routinen – Rituale – Reflexionen. Bausteine zu einer Theorie der Praxis der Polizei , 2008 .

[39]  Maik Moeller.  Moving Toward The Future Of Policing , 2016 .

[40]  E. Altvater,et al.  Grenzen der Globalisierung : Ökonomie, Ökologie und Politik in der Weltgesellschaft , 1997 .

[41]  Alice Lam.  Tacit Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions: An Integrated Framework , 2000 .

[42]  Franz Emanuel Weinert,et al.  Definition and Selection of Competencies Concepts of Competence , 1999 .

[43]  P. Manning.  Information Technologies and the Police , 1992, Crime and Justice.

[44]  Harold L. Wilensky,et al.  The Professionalization of Everyone? , 1964, American Journal of Sociology.

[45]  S. Clegg,et al.  Dissolving the Iron Cages? Tocqueville, Michels, Bureaucracy and the Perpetuation of Elite Power , 2006 .

[46]  Carsten Sørensen,et al.  Tales from the police: Rhythms of interaction with mobile technologies , 2005, Inf. Organ..

[47]  Stephan Duschek,et al.  Kompetenzentwicklung in Netzwerken , 2003 .

[48]  野中 郁次郎,et al.  The Knowledge-Creating Company: How , 1995 .

[49]  Janet Chan,et al.  The Technological Game: , 2001 .

[50]  A. Reiss,.  Police Organization in the Twentieth Century , 1992, Crime and Justice.