Water withdrawal and consumption reduction analysis for electrical energy generation system

ii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii CHAPTER 1 1 1Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 4 2Literature Review 4 2-1 Water for energy 4 2-2 Energy for water 5 2-3 Water withdrawal and consumption 6 2-4 Water-Energy dependency factors 7 2-5 Why California 9 2-6 Water intensity for energy generations in California 10 2-7 Different types of cooling technologies 11 2-7-1 Once-through cooling systems 12 2-7-2 Recirculating Cooling Systems 12 2-7-3 Dry cooling systems 13