Group Feedback for Continuous Learning

This article explores relationships between feedback, group learning, and performance. It considers how feedback to individuals and the group as a whole supports continuous group learning. Feedback source, purpose, clarity, and valence may affect perceptions, processing, and outcomes of feedback. How feedback is processed and used may be influenced by group and individual conditions, such as demands and goals, accountability for performance, learning orientation, and whether the group is engaging in adaptive, generative, and/or transformative learning. Implications for human resource development practice focus on interventions to improve the use of feedback. Directions for research include examining the content and process of feedback at the individual and group levels of analysis and exploring the effects of feedback source, feedback specificity, leader behavior, and member interactions on group learning.

[1]  S. Kozlowski,et al.  Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions , 2000 .

[2]  John M. Ivancevich,et al.  Punishment in Organizations: A Review, Propositions, and Research Suggestions , 1980 .

[3]  Kathleen E. Cook,et al.  Seeking self-evaluative feedback: the interactive role of global self-esteem and specific self-views. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[4]  P. Senge,et al.  Presence : Human Purpose and the Field of the Future , 2005 .

[5]  J. G. Miller Living systems. , 1972, Currents in modern biology.

[6]  R. Wood,et al.  Feedback specificity, exploration, and learning. , 2004, The Journal of applied psychology.

[7]  Alexander D. Stajkovic,et al.  Behavioral management and task performance in organizations: Conceptual background, meta-analysis, and test of alternative models. , 2003 .

[8]  Gilad Chen,et al.  Newcomer Adaptation in Teams: Multilevel Antecedents and Outcomes , 2005 .

[9]  Fred Luthans,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Organizational Behavior Modification on Task Performance, 1975–95 , 1997 .

[10]  Paul R. Yost,et al.  Potency in groups: articulating a construct. , 1993, The British journal of social psychology.

[11]  G. Pisano,et al.  Disrupted Routines: Team Learning and New Technology Implementation in Hospitals , 2001 .

[12]  Bruce J. Avolio,et al.  Virtual Teams: Implications for E-Leadership and Team Development , 2001 .

[13]  David A. Nadler,et al.  The effects of feedback on task group behavior: A review of the experimental research , 1979 .

[14]  C. Cooper,et al.  International review of industrial and organizational psychology , 1986 .

[15]  Gustavo Stubrich The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization , 1993 .

[16]  D. Coghlan Facilitating Learning Organizations: Making Learning Count , 2000 .

[17]  Lee Jussim,et al.  Social perception and social reality : a reflection-construction model , 1991 .

[18]  P. Tetlock Accountability: A social check on the fundamental attribution error. , 1985 .

[19]  John Schaubroeck,et al.  A meta-analysis of self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings. , 1988 .

[20]  M. London Giving feedback: Source-centered antecedents and consequences of constructive and destructive feedback , 1995 .

[21]  Stephen G. West,et al.  Validity of self-evaluation of ability: A review and meta-analysis , 1982 .

[22]  V. Marsick,et al.  Teams as Learners , 1997 .

[23]  James A. Breaugh,et al.  Job Feedback: Giving, Seeking, and Using Feedback for Performance Improvement , 2003 .

[24]  Edward J. Conlon,et al.  Effects of Distribution of Feedback in Work Groups , 1994 .

[25]  Kristina Whitney,et al.  Improving group task performance: The role of group goals and group efficacy. , 1994 .

[26]  Kyle Lewis Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: scale development and validation. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[27]  M. London How people evaluate others in organizations , 2001 .

[28]  K. Vohs,et al.  Interpersonal functioning requires self-regulation. , 2004 .

[29]  C Heath,et al.  The evaluation gap in performance perceptions: illusory perceptions of groups and individuals. , 1996, The Journal of applied psychology.

[30]  Holly Arrow,et al.  Small Groups as Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation , 2000 .

[31]  Donald A. Schön,et al.  Organizational Learning: A Theory Of Action Perspective , 1978 .

[32]  S. Kozlowski,et al.  Multilevel Theory, Research, a n d M e t h o d s i n Organizations Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions , 2022 .

[33]  Jeffrey B. Vancouver,et al.  The Application of HLM to the Analysis of the Dynamic Interaction of Environment, Person and Behavior , 1997 .

[34]  John J. Sosik,et al.  Group Potency and Collective Efficacy , 2003 .

[35]  Remus Ilies,et al.  Goal regulation across time: the effects of feedback and affect. , 2005, The Journal of applied psychology.

[36]  D. Ilgen,et al.  Bearing Bad News: Reactions to Negative Performance Feedback , 2000 .

[37]  Jeffrey T. Polzer,et al.  Capitalizing on Diversity: Interpersonal Congruence in Small Work Groups , 2001 .

[38]  A. Reber Implicit learning and tacit knowledge , 1993 .

[39]  Carol T. Kulik,et al.  Individual and Group Feedback and Performance: An Attributional Perspective , 1991 .

[40]  Verlin B. Hinsz,et al.  The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors. , 1997, Psychological bulletin.

[41]  J. Mathieu,et al.  Goal Orientation in Organizational Research: A Conceptual and Empirical Foundation , 1996 .

[42]  V. Sessa,et al.  Continuous Learning in Organizations: Individual, Group, and Organizational Perspectives , 2015 .

[43]  A. Edmondson Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams , 1999 .

[44]  James W. Smither,et al.  Feedback orientation, feedback culture, and the longitudinal performance management process , 2002 .

[45]  Chip Heath,et al.  Illusion, Disillusion, and the Buffering Effect of Groups , 1997 .

[46]  Lee Jussim,et al.  Understanding reactions to feedback by integrating ideas from symbolic interactionism and cognitive evaluation theory , 1992 .

[47]  Richard J. Klimoski,et al.  The Impact Of Expectations On Newcomer Performance In Teams As Mediated By Work Characteristics, Social Exchanges, And Empowerment , 2003 .

[48]  Todd F. Heatherton,et al.  The cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation. In R.F. Baumeister & K.D. Vohs (Eds.) New York: Guilford Press , 2004 .

[49]  Henry L. Tosi A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance , 1991 .

[50]  J. R. Larson The performance feedback process: A preliminary model , 1984 .

[51]  S. Ashford Feedback-Seeking in Individual Adaptation: A Resource Perspective , 1986 .

[52]  J. Mezirow Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning , 1991 .

[53]  Dianne C. Berry,et al.  Implicit Learning , 1993 .

[54]  S. Ashford,et al.  Feedback-Seeking in Individual Adaptation: A Resource Perspective , 1986 .

[55]  D. M. Georgoff,et al.  Harvard Business Review: David M. Georgoff and Robert G. Murdick, manager's guide to forecasting, 64 (Jan-Feb.) (1986) 110-120 , 1988 .

[56]  C. Gersick MARKING TIME: PREDICTABLE TRANSITIONS IN TASK GROUPS , 1989 .

[57]  R. Scott Tindale,et al.  Group vs individual information processing: The effects of outcome feedback on decision making. , 1989 .

[58]  C. Dweck,et al.  A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality , 1988 .

[59]  K. R. Milner,et al.  A multiple-goal, multilevel model of feedback effects on the regulation of individual and team performance. , 2004, The Journal of applied psychology.

[60]  F. Morgeson The external leadership of self-managing teams: intervening in the context of novel and disruptive events. , 2005, The Journal of applied psychology.

[61]  E. A. Locke,et al.  Comments on McLeod, Liker, and Lobel , 1992 .

[62]  F. Capra The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems , 1996 .

[63]  S. Kozlowski,et al.  Goal orientation and ability: interactive effects on self-efficacy, performance, and knowledge. , 2002, The Journal of applied psychology.

[64]  Gina J. Medsker,et al.  RELATIONS BETWEEN WORK GROUP CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTIVENESS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGNING EFFECTIVE WORK GROUPS , 1993 .

[65]  E. Tabor Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications , 2006 .

[66]  Rangaraj Ramanujam,et al.  THe Effects of Discontinuous Change on Latent Errors in Organizations: The Moderating Role of Risk , 2003 .

[67]  P. McLeod,et al.  Process Feedback in Task Groups: An Application of Goal Setting , 1992 .

[68]  E. Langer,et al.  Matters of mind: Mindfulness/mindlessness in perspective , 1992, Consciousness and Cognition.

[69]  Carol S. Dweck,et al.  Motivational processes affecting learning. , 1986 .

[70]  K. Vohs,et al.  Handbook of self-regulation : research, theory, and applications , 2004 .

[71]  Kevin J. Williams,et al.  Self-Regulation of Performance: Goal Establishment and Goal Revision Processes in Athletes , 2000 .

[72]  C. Argyris Teaching Smart People How to Learn , 2002 .

[73]  Rosabeth Moss Kanter,et al.  The Challenge of Organizational Change , 1992 .

[74]  K. Sutcliffe,et al.  Management team learning orientation and business unit performance. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[75]  James W. Smither,et al.  CAN MULTI-SOURCE FEEDBACK CHANGE PERCEPTIONS OF GOAL ACCOMPLISHMENT, SELF-EVALUATIONS, AND PERFORMANCE-RELATED OUTCOMES? THEORY-BASED APPLICATIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH , 1995 .