A two-stage process is proposed for a uniform framework for Federal agency decisions regarding the identification, characterization, and control of potential human carcinogens. Stage I would include the identification, through epidemiologic and/or laboratory studies, of chemicals that represent a potential carcinogenic risk and the characterization of that risk. Stage II would encompass the actual regulatory decision-making process regarding control of potential carcinogens. Stage I relies predominantly on scientific activity and judgment. Centralized management could enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of this process. The new National Toxicology Program may be able to perform this function. Stage II judgments are social and political. Centralization of stage II decision-making is not possible under current law.