Toward Scalable Boson Sampling with Photon Loss.

Boson sampling is a well-defined task that is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers, but can be efficiently solved by a specific quantum simulator. However, an outstanding problem for large-scale experimental boson sampling is the scalability. Here we report an experiment on boson sampling with photon loss, and demonstrate that boson sampling with a few photons lost can increase the sampling rate. Our experiment uses a quantum-dot-micropillar single-photon source demultiplexed into up to seven input ports of a 16×16 mode ultralow-loss photonic circuit, and we detect three-, four- and fivefold coincidence counts. We implement and validate lossy boson sampling with one and two photons lost, and obtain sampling rates of 187, 13.6, and 0.78 kHz for five-, six-, and seven-photon boson sampling with two photons lost, which is 9.4, 13.9, and 18.0 times faster than the standard boson sampling, respectively. Our experiment shows an approach to significantly enhance the sampling rate of multiphoton boson sampling.

[1]  Zach DeVito,et al.  Opt , 2017 .

[2]  Nicolò Spagnolo,et al.  Experimental validation of photonic boson sampling , 2014, Nature Photonics.

[3]  Philip Walther,et al.  Experimental boson sampling , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[4]  Andrew G. White,et al.  Direct characterization of linear-optical networks. , 2012, Optics express.

[5]  I. Sagnes,et al.  Near-optimal single-photon sources in the solid state , 2015, Nature Photonics.

[6]  Christian Schneider,et al.  Highly indistinguishable on-demand resonance fluorescence photons from a deterministic quantum dot micropillar device with 74% extraction efficiency. , 2015, Optics express.

[7]  Antonio-José Almeida,et al.  NAT , 2019, Springer Reference Medizin.

[8]  Humphreys,et al.  An Optimal Design for Universal Multiport Interferometers , 2016, 1603.08788.

[9]  Lance Fortnow,et al.  Proceedings of the forty-third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing , 2011, STOC 2011.

[10]  A. Crespi,et al.  Integrated multimode interferometers with arbitrary designs for photonic boson sampling , 2013, Nature Photonics.

[11]  B. J. Metcalf,et al.  Boson Sampling on a Photonic Chip , 2012, Science.

[12]  Andrew G. White,et al.  Photonic Boson Sampling in a Tunable Circuit , 2012, Science.

[13]  Christian Schneider,et al.  Near-Transform-Limited Single Photons from an Efficient Solid-State Quantum Emitter. , 2016, Physical review letters.

[14]  M. Ozols.  How to generate a random unitary matrix , 2009 .

[15]  Yu He,et al.  Time-Bin-Encoded Boson Sampling with a Single-Photon Device. , 2016, Physical review letters.

[16]  Shih,et al.  New high-intensity source of polarization-entangled photon pairs. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[17]  Jian-Wei Pan,et al.  On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[18]  Scott Aaronson,et al.  BosonSampling with Lost Photons , 2015, ArXiv.

[19]  Reck,et al.  Experimental realization of any discrete unitary operator. , 1994, Physical review letters.

[20]  R. Rosenfeld.  Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[21]  Jake Iles-Smith,et al.  Phonon limit to simultaneous near-unity efficiency and indistinguishability in semiconductor single photon sources , 2016, 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO).

[22]  Aram W. Harrow,et al.  Quantum computational supremacy , 2017, Nature.

[23]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[24]  A Laing,et al.  Boson sampling from a Gaussian state. , 2014, Physical review letters.

[25]  Christian Schneider,et al.  High-efficiency multiphoton boson sampling , 2017, Nature Photonics.

[26]  Scott Aaronson,et al.  Bosonsampling is far from uniform , 2013, Quantum Inf. Comput..

[27]  Thomas M. Cover,et al.  Elements of Information Theory , 2005 .

[28]  J. Réffy.  Asymptotics of random unitaries , 2005 .

[29]  Andrew G. White,et al.  Boson Sampling with Single-Photon Fock States from a Bright Solid-State Source. , 2016, Physical review letters.

[30]  Nicolò Spagnolo,et al.  Experimental scattershot boson sampling , 2015, Science Advances.

[31]  Jian-Wei Pan,et al.  On-Demand Single Photons with High Extraction Efficiency and Near-Unity Indistinguishability from a Resonantly Driven Quantum Dot in a Micropillar. , 2016, Physical review letters.