A 145μW 315MHz harmonically injection-locked RF transmitter with two-step frequency multiplication techniques

This paper presents a low-power RF transmitter with harmonic injection locking and capacitive-coupling frequency multiplication techniques. To save power, the design operates at a low frequency except for the RF Class-E power amplifier. The chip, which was fabricated using 0.18 um CMOS technology, has an area of 0.49 mm × 0.93 mm. The proposed model can achieve a maximum transmission power of −21.3 dBm, data rate of 2 Mbps, and energy efficiency of 0.071 nJ/bit while consuming 145 μW.

[1]  Brian P. Otis,et al.  A Sub-100 $\mu$ W MICS/ISM Band Transmitter Based on Injection-Locking and Frequency Multiplication , 2011, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[2]  X. Zhang,et al.  A study of subharmonic injection locking for local oscillators , 1992, IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters.

[3]  Kazunori Watanabe,et al.  2.1 Times increase of drain efficiency by dual supply voltage scheme in 315MHz class-F Power amplifier at output power of −20dBm , 2012, 2012 Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC).

[4]  Koichi Ishida,et al.  Startup Techniques for 95 mV Step-Up Converter by Capacitor Pass-On Scheme and ${\rm V}_{\rm TH}$-Tuned Oscillator With Fixed Charge Programming , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[5]  Takayasu Sakurai,et al.  315MHz energy-efficient injection-locked OOK transmitter and 8.4µW power-gated receiver front-end for wireless ad hoc network in 40nm CMOS , 2011, 2011 Symposium on VLSI Circuits - Digest of Technical Papers.

[6]  Jeremy Holleman,et al.  A low-power FSK/OOK transmitter for 915 MHz ISM band , 2015, 2015 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC).

[7]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  A 350μW CMOS MSK transmitter and 400μW OOK super-regenerative receiver for Medical Implant Communications , 2009, 2008 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits.

[8]  Sheng Ye,et al.  A multiple-crystal interface PLL with VCO realignment to reduce phase noise , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.02CH37315).