A fluorometric paper test for chromium(VI) based on the use of N-doped carbon dots

AbstractWater-soluble nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (C-dots) were fabricated by microwave-induced decomposition of the precursor materials citric acid and N,N′-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine. The C-dots were placed on portable paper strips with novel origami designs to simplified user operations. The intensity of the blue fluorescence, best measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 330/420 nm, depends on the pH value in the range from pH 2 to 12. The C-dots on the paper stripe are shown to be a sensitive fluorescent probe for chromium(VI) via an inner filter effect. Response is linear in the 0.08 to 1 mM concentration range, and the detection limit (at S/N = 3) is 0.14 mM. The test was applied to the determination of chromium(VI) in (spiked) environmental water samples. Graphical abstractSchematic presentation of the water-soluble nitrogen-doped carbon dots (C-dots) as a fluorescent probe for Cr6+ based on an inner filter effect. The three-dimensional paper analytical device integrating C-dots was applied to the determination of Cr6+ in (spiked) environmental water samples.

[1]  M. Amjadi,et al.  Strong enhancement of the chemiluminescence of the cerium(IV)-thiosulfate reaction by carbon dots, and its application to the sensitive determination of dopamine , 2014, Microchimica Acta.

[2]  Xingyuan Liu,et al.  Ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor based on water soluble carbon nanodots with multiple sensing capacities. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[3]  Shenguang Ge,et al.  Paper-based electrochemiluminescent 3D immunodevice for lab-on-paper, specific, and sensitive point-of-care testing. , 2012, Chemistry.

[4]  Bernhard Welz,et al.  Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in water using flow injection on-line preconcentration with selective adsorption on activated alumina and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection , 1992 .

[5]  K. R. Seddon,et al.  Applications of ionic liquids in the chemical industry. , 2008, Chemical Society reviews.

[6]  Jinghua Yu,et al.  3D origami-based multifunction-integrated immunodevice: low-cost and multiplexed sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay on microfluidic paper-based analytical device. , 2012, Lab on a chip.

[7]  Souvick Chatterjee,et al.  Precise Liquid Transport on and through Thin Porous Materials. , 2018, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[8]  S. Hirata,et al.  Determination of chromium(III) and total chromium in seawater by on-line column preconcentration inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , 2000 .

[9]  C. Williams,et al.  The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry , 1962, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[10]  O. Wolfbeis,et al.  The pH Dependence of the Total Fluorescence of Graphite Oxide , 2011, Journal of Fluorescence.

[11]  Suqin Han,et al.  A nitrogen doped carbon quantum dot-enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of Mn2+ , 2018 .

[12]  N. Jakubowski,et al.  Speciation of Chromium by Direct Coupling of Ion Exchange Chromatography With Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry , 1997 .

[13]  Hua He,et al.  A review on syntheses, properties, characterization and bioanalytical applications of fluorescent carbon dots , 2016, Microchimica Acta.

[14]  Shao Yunfei,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-containing carbon nanodots as the high-efficient sensor for copper(II) ions , 2013 .

[15]  Huanjun Peng,et al.  Fluorescent carbon dots for the sensitive detection of Cr(VI) in aqueous media and their application in test papers , 2016 .

[16]  Jinghua Yu,et al.  Electrochemical immunoassay on a 3D microfluidic paper-based device. , 2012, Chemical Communications.

[17]  J. Niu,et al.  A rhodamine-based fluorescent enhancement chemosensor for the detection of Cr3+ in aqueous media , 2013 .

[18]  J. Nriagu.  Production and uses of chromium , 1988 .

[19]  Dinesh Mohan,et al.  Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri- and hexavalent chromium from water. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[20]  Rashid O. Kadara,et al.  Graphite screen printed electrodes for the electrochemical sensing of chromium(VI). , 2010, The Analyst.

[21]  Xiaogang Qu,et al.  Carbon dots prepared by hydrothermal treatment of dopamine as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for the label-free detection of iron(III) ions and dopamine. , 2013, Chemistry.

[22]  Juyoung Yoon,et al.  New thiazolothiazole derivatives as fluorescent chemosensors for Cr3+ and Al3+ , 2012 .

[23]  B. Jena,et al.  Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of sub-ppb level chromium(VI) using nano-sized gold particle. , 2008, Talanta.

[24]  X. Jing,et al.  On-off-on fluorescent carbon dot nanosensor for recognition of chromium(VI) and ascorbic acid based on the inner filter effect. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[25]  Yuekun Lai,et al.  A review on special wettability textiles: theoretical models, fabrication technologies and multifunctional applications , 2017 .

[26]  P. C. Nagajyoti,et al.  Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review , 2010 .

[27]  Amit Kumar,et al.  Green synthesis of carbon dots from Ocimum sanctum for effective fluorescent sensing of Pb2+ ions and live cell imaging , 2017, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[28]  M. D. Luna,et al.  Highly fluorescent carbon dots from enokitake mushroom as multi-faceted optical nanomaterials for Cr6+ and VOC detection and imaging applications , 2018, Applied Surface Science.

[29]  H. Oliveira.  Chromium as an Environmental Pollutant: Insights on Induced Plant Toxicity , 2012 .

[30]  X. Qu,et al.  Carbon nanodots as fluorescence probes for rapid, sensitive, and label-free detection of Hg2+ and biothiols in complex matrices. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[31]  Xingyuan Liu,et al.  A biocompatible fluorescent ink based on water-soluble luminescent carbon nanodots. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[32]  H. Cui,et al.  Amino acids as the source for producing carbon nanodots: microwave assisted one-step synthesis, intrinsic photoluminescence property and intense chemiluminescence enhancement. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[33]  Raouf Ghavami,et al.  A paper-based optical probe for chromium by using gold nanoparticles modified with 2,2′-thiodiacetic acid and smartphone camera readout , 2018, Microchimica Acta.

[34]  Y. Wan,et al.  Photophysical properties of rhodamine isomers: a two-photon excited fluorescent sensor for trivalent chromium cation (Cr3+). , 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

[35]  W. Dungchai,et al.  Lab-on-paper with dual electrochemical/colorimetric detection for simultaneous determination of gold and iron. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[36]  Huan‐Tsung Chang,et al.  Detection of mercury(II) ions using colorimetric gold nanoparticles on paper-based analytical devices. , 2014, Analytical chemistry.