Detecting dopamine dysfunction with pharmacological MRI

Background: Animal studies have shown that methylphenidate (MPH) has different effects on the dopaminergic system in the developing brain compared to the developed brain. The effects of Psychotropic drugs On the Developing brain (ePOD) study is a combination of different approaches to determine whether there are related findings in humans. Design: Animal studies were carried out to investigate age-related effects of psychotropic drugs and to validate new neuroimaging techniques. In addition, we set up a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial with MPH in 50 boys (10–12 years) and 50 young men (23–40 years) suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (ePOD-MPH). Trial registration number: Nederlands Trial Register NTR3103. A cross-sectional cohort study on age-related effects of these psychotropic medications in patients who had been treated previously with MPH (ePOD-Pharmo) is also ongoing. The effects of psychotropic drugs on the developing brain are studied using neuroimaging techniques together with neuro-psychological and psychiatric assessments of cognition, behavior and emotion. All assessments take place before, during and after chronic treatment. Discussion: The combined results of these approaches will provide new insight into the modulating effect of MPH on brain development.

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