A Viscoelastic Model for the Rate Effect in Transfer Printing

Transfer printing is a volatile tool to retract micro devices from a donor substrate via elastomeric stamps, from which the devices are grown or fabricated, followed by printing to a receiver substrate where the device is assembled to an array for integration in various applications. Among five approaches of transfer printing summarized in the paper, the viscoelastic property of stamps is widely adopted to modulate the interfacial adhesion between the stamp and devices by applying different pulling speed. A viscoelastic model for transfer printing is established analytically. It shows that the interfacial adhesion increases with pulling speed, which is verified by the experiments and numerical simulations. † – H.C., M.L. contributed equally to this work. ∗ – To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: wujian@tsinghua.edu.cn and jrogers@illinois.edu Journal of Applied Mechanics. Received August 04, 2012; Accepted manuscript posted October 23, 2012. doi:10.1115/1.4007851 Copyright (c) 2012 by ASME Ac ce pt ed M an us cr ip t N ot C op ye di te d

[1]  E. Kramer,et al.  A fracture model for a weak interface in a viscoelastic material (small scale yielding analysis) , 1992 .

[2]  Huanyu Cheng,et al.  Elastomer Surfaces with Directionally Dependent Adhesion Strength and Their Use in Transfer Printing with Continuous Roll‐to‐Roll Applications , 2012, Advanced materials.

[3]  Rui Li,et al.  Thermo-mechanical modeling of laser-driven non-contact transfer printing: two-dimensional analysis , 2012 .

[4]  Ralph G Nuzzo,et al.  Large-area patterning of coinage-metal thin films using decal transfer lithography. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[5]  John A. Rogers,et al.  Mechanics of reversible adhesion , 2011 .

[6]  Hyun Jung Lee,et al.  Rigiflex Lithography for Nanostructure Transfer , 2005 .

[7]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Direct measurement of interfacial interactions between semispherical lenses and flat sheets of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and their chemical derivatives , 1991 .

[8]  Huajian Gao,et al.  A rate-dependent cohesive continuum model for the study of crack dynamics , 2004 .

[9]  William H. Kersting,et al.  Approximate Methods of Analysis , 2001 .

[10]  William R. Childs,et al.  Patterning of Thin‐Film Microstructures on Non‐Planar Substrate Surfaces Using Decal Transfer Lithography , 2004 .

[11]  John A. Rogers,et al.  Kinetically controlled, adhesiveless transfer printing using microstructured stamps , 2009 .

[12]  Richard Schapery,et al.  A theory of crack initiation and growth in viscoelastic media , 1975 .

[13]  Sunil Saigal,et al.  COHESIVE ELEMENT MODELING OF VISCOELASTIC FRACTURE: APPLICATION TO PEEL TESTING OF POLYMERS , 2000 .

[14]  Yonggang Huang,et al.  Laser-Driven Micro Transfer Placement of Prefabricated Microstructures , 2012, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[15]  Huanyu Cheng,et al.  Shear-enhanced adhesiveless transfer printing for use in deterministic materials assembly , 2011 .

[16]  Huajian Gao,et al.  A material force method for inelastic fracture mechanics , 2005 .

[17]  Metin Sitti,et al.  Gecko inspired micro-fibrillar adhesives for wall climbing robots on micro/nanoscale rough surfaces , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[18]  Richard Schapery,et al.  A theory of crack initiation and growth in viscoelastic media II. Approximate methods of analysis , 1975, International Journal of Fracture.

[19]  Rebecca K. Kramer,et al.  Shear‐Mode Contact Splitting for a Microtextured Elastomer Film , 2010, Advanced materials.

[20]  Hiroshi Tada,et al.  The stress analysis of cracks handbook , 2000 .

[21]  Placid Mathew Ferreira,et al.  Active, Programmable Elastomeric Surfaces with Tunable Adhesion for Deterministic Assembly by Transfer Printing , 2012 .

[22]  John A Rogers,et al.  Competing fracture in kinetically controlled transfer printing. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[23]  K. Suh,et al.  A nontransferring dry adhesive with hierarchical polymer nanohairs , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[24]  D. Physics,et al.  Nanotransfer printing of organic and carbon nanotube thin-film transistors on plastic substrates , 2005, cond-mat/0503463.

[25]  A. Gent,et al.  Adhesion of viscoelastic materials to rigid substrates , 1969, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[26]  Yonggang Huang,et al.  Transfer printing by kinetic control of adhesion to an elastomeric stamp , 2006 .

[27]  S. Gorb,et al.  Shearing of fibrillar adhesive microstructure: friction and shear-related changes in pull-off force , 2007, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[28]  R. Nuzzo,et al.  Masterless soft lithography: patterning UV/ozone-induced adhesion on poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[29]  Weixing Zhou,et al.  Stamp collapse in soft lithography. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[30]  Huanyu Cheng,et al.  Enhanced adhesion with pedestal-shaped elastomeric stamps for transfer printing , 2012 .

[31]  Richard A. Soref,et al.  Large-area InP-based crystalline nanomembrane flexible photodetectors , 2010 .

[32]  J. Nemes,et al.  Time Domain Finite Element Simulations of Damped Multilayered Beams Using a Prony Series Representation , 2000 .

[33]  Huanyu Cheng,et al.  An analytical model for shear-enhanced adhesiveless transfer printing , 2012 .

[34]  Minoru Seki,et al.  Microfluidic synthesis of chemically and physically anisotropic hydrogel microfibers for guided cell growth and networking , 2012 .

[35]  Metin Sitti,et al.  Microstructured elastomeric surfaces with reversible adhesion and examples of their use in deterministic assembly by transfer printing , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[36]  S. Govindjee,et al.  Numerical study of geometric constraint and cohesive parameters in steady-state viscoelastic crack growth , 2006 .

[37]  Ralph G Nuzzo,et al.  Decal transfer microlithography: a new soft-lithographic patterning method. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[38]  M. Sitti,et al.  Gecko-inspired directional and controllable adhesion. , 2008, Small.