Impact of a Three Dimensional Environment to Inter-vehicle Connectivity

Developing non-safety applications, such as Web surfing and social network, for inter-vehicle networks requires a reliable and stable connectivity among vehicles. One challenge to reach such a reliable and stable connectivity is the road in a large city environment, as it appears in a three dimensional topology (i.e. a road with overpasses). These situations lead potentially to restricted connectivity since with respect to propagation vehicles are driven on different road levels, which can well form obstacles such that the connectivity among vehicles is disturbed. This paper addresses specifically the three dimensional topology of roads in terms of a level environment model and investigates the impact of various height of overpass between two communicating vehicles.

[1]  Thomas R. Gross,et al.  An evaluation of inter-vehicle ad hoc networks based on realistic vehicular traces , 2006, MobiHoc '06.

[2]  Tim Leinmüller,et al.  Degradation of Transmission Range in VANETs caused by Interference , 2009, Prax. Inf.verarb. Kommun..

[3]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR : Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless , 2000, MobiCom 2000.

[4]  Zygmunt J. Haas,et al.  Coverage and connectivity in three-dimensional networks , 2006, MobiCom '06.

[5]  Jaroslav Opatrny,et al.  High delivery rate position-based routing algorithms for 3D ad hoc networks , 2008, Comput. Commun..

[6]  L. S. Mojela,et al.  On the use of WiMAX and Wi-Fi to provide in-vehicle connectivity and media distribution , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).

[7]  Qin Lin,et al.  A Three-Dimensional Scenario Oriented Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[8]  Burkhard Stiller,et al.  Survey of angle-based forwarding methods in VANET communications , 2016, 2016 Wireless Days (WD).

[9]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Transmission Radius Control in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Smart Antennas , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[10]  Mate Boban,et al.  Impact of Vehicles as Obstacles in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[11]  Martin Mauve,et al.  VANET Convenience and Efficiency Applications , 2010, VANET.

[12]  Jaroslav Opatrny,et al.  Position-Based Routing on 3-D Geometric Graphs in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2005, CCCG.

[13]  J. Opatrny,et al.  3-D Localized Position-Based Routing with Nearly Certain Delivery in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2007, 2007 2nd International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing.

[14]  H. Bertoni,et al.  A theoretical model of UHF propagation in urban environments , 1988 .

[15]  M. Aoki,et al.  Inter-vehicle communication: technical issues on vehicle control application , 1996, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[16]  David G. Kirkpatrick,et al.  On routing with guaranteed delivery in three-dimensional ad hoc wireless networks , 2010, Wirel. Networks.

[17]  B. Boltjes,et al.  Realistic simulation of IEEE 802.11p channel in mobile Vehicle to Vehicle communication , 2013, 2013 Conference on Microwave Techniques (COMITE).

[18]  Gorazd Kandus,et al.  A Survey of Radio Propagation Modeling for Tunnels , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[19]  YoungKeun Yoon,et al.  Radio propagation characteristics in the large city , 2014, 16th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology.

[20]  M. Salazar-Palma,et al.  A survey of various propagation models for mobile communication , 2003 .