Patients, Nurses, and Physicians Working Together to Develop a Discharge Entrustable Professional Activity Assessment Tool.

PROBLEM The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones were written by physicians and thus may not reflect all the behaviors necessary for physicians to optimize their performance as a key member of an interprofessional team. APPROACH From April to May 2013, the authors, Educational Research Outcomes Collaborative leaders, assembled interprofessional team discussion groups, including patients or family members, nurses, physician trainees, physician educators, and other staff (optional), at 11 internal medicine (IM) programs. Led by the site's principal investigator, the groups generated a list of physician behaviors related to the entrustable professional activity (EPA) of a safe and effective discharge of a patient from the hospital, and prioritized those behaviors. OUTCOMES A total of 182 behaviors were listed, with lists consisting of between 10 and 29 behaviors. Overall, the site principal investigators described all participants as emerging from the activity with a new understanding of the complexity of training physicians for the discharge EPA. The authors batched behaviors into six components of a safe and effective discharge: medication reconciliation, discharge summary, patient/caregiver communication, team communication, active collaboration, and anticipation of posthospital needs. Specific, high-priority behavior examples for each component were identified, and an assessment tool for direct observation was developed for the discharge EPA. NEXT STEPS The authors are currently evaluating trainee and educator perceptions of the assessment tool after implementation in 15 IM programs. Additional next steps include developing tools for other EPAs, as well as a broader evaluation of patient outcomes in the era of milestone-based assessment.