Deep temperature monitoring using a zero-heat-flow method

of perforation of the rectum by the probe, especially in children [8]. In 1971, Fox and Solman [9,10] invented a noninvasive deep temperature thermometer using a zero-heat-flow method. This thermometer enables measurement of the deep body temperature indirectly from the intact skin surface. The technique of deep temperature monitoring using this thermometer has been improved, mainly by Togawa’s group and Terumo Co. [11,12]. Monitoring of deep body temperature, especially from the forehead, is now widely used in cardiac surgery in Japan. Deep temperature monitoring has also been used in intensive care units [13] and for monitoring of circulatory failure [14]. The equipment used for deep temperature monitoring has recently been improved, and the disadvantages of the conventional device have been overcome. Here, we review the principle of deep body temperature measurement, its characteristic features and clinical applications, and improvement in the equipment used for measurement.

[1]  Losowsky Ms,et al.  A clinical apraisal of transcutaneous deep body temperature. , 1973 .

[2]  Fox Rh,et al.  A new technique for monitoring the deep body temperature in man from the intact skin surface. , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[3]  M. Losowsky,et al.  A clinical apraisal of transcutaneous deep body temperature. , 1973, Biomedicine / [publiee pour l'A.A.I.C.I.G.].

[4]  Solman Aj,et al.  New thermometers for deep tissue temperature. , 1973 .

[5]  M. Tabor,et al.  Tympanic membrane perforation: complication of tympanic thermometry during general anesthesia. , 1981, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[6]  J. Whitby,et al.  Temperature differences in the oesophagus. Preliminary study. , 1968, British journal of anaesthesia.

[7]  T. Tsuji,et al.  Patient monitoring during and after open heart surgery by an improved deep body thermometer. , 1987, Medical progress through technology.

[8]  G. W. Molnar,et al.  Studies during open-heart surgery on the special characteristics of rectal temperature. , 1974, Journal of applied physiology.

[9]  T Togawa,et al.  [Deep body temperature monitoring in cardiac surgery]. , 1976, Iyo denshi to seitai kogaku. Japanese journal of medical electronics and biological engineering.

[10]  M. Yamakage,et al.  Evaluation of a newly developed monitor of deep body temperature , 2002, Journal of Anesthesia.

[11]  R. Vale.  Monitoring of Temperature During Anesthesia , 1981, International anesthesiology clinics.

[12]  W B Runciman,et al.  An Evaluation of Body Temperature Measurement , 1983, Anaesthesia and intensive care.

[13]  R H Fox,et al.  A new technique for monitoring the deep body temperature in man from the intact skin surface. , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[14]  R. Stoughton,et al.  Method for Comparing Percutaneous Absorption of Steroids , 1962 .

[15]  J. R. Kenyon,et al.  A comparison of temperatures measured in the rectum, œsophagus, and on the surface of the aorta during hypothermia in man , 1957 .

[16]  M. Yamakage,et al.  The Utility of Tracheal Temperature Monitoring , 1993, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[17]  E. Ebstein.,et al.  Die Entwicklung der klinischen Thermometrie , 1928 .

[18]  Tatsuo Togawa,et al.  Deep temperature monitoring in intensive care , 1979 .

[19]  T Togawa,et al.  Body temperature measurement. , 1985, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[20]  J D HARDY,et al.  Measurement of some thermal properties of human tissues. , 1954, Journal of applied physiology.

[21]  L. Gibbons.  Body temperature monitoring in the external auditory meatus. , 1968, Aerospace medicine.

[22]  T Togawa,et al.  Hippocratic thermography. , 1997, Physiological measurement.

[23]  C. T. Wallace,et al.  Perforation of the tympanic membrane, a complication of tympanic thermometry during anesthesia. , 1974, Anesthesiology.

[24]  R H Fox,et al.  A new method for monitoring deep body temperature from the skin surface. , 1973, Clinical science.

[25]  L. W. Eichna,et al.  Comparison of intracardiac and intravascular temperatures with rectal temperatures in man. , 1951, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[26]  J. Whitby,et al.  TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES IN THE OESOPHAGUS , 1968 .

[27]  R. Kenyon,et al.  A comparison of temperatures measured in the rectum, œsophagus, and on the surface of the aorta during hypothermia in man , 1957, The British journal of surgery.