Object creation in Grace

We are engaged in the design of Grace, a new object-oriented open source programming language aimed at instructors and students in introductory programming courses. Grace aims to include features that have been found useful in software practice, while allowing multiple different teaching approaches without requiring that concepts be introduced to students before they are ready. While many aspects of Grace's design will be familiar to most object-oriented programmers, Grace cleanly separates the concepts of "object", "class", and "type", and so Grace offers more options for creating objects than most other languages. We have written these patterns to explain how Grace programmers should go about creating objects.