Análise de Comportamento Aplicada e Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo: revisão de literatura

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisao sistematica da literatura envolvendo as propostas de terapia baseada na analise de comportamento aplicada (ABA) dirigida a pessoas portadoras de disturbios do espectro do autismo (DEA), contribuindo, dessa forma, para uma pratica efetivamente baseada em evidencias. ESTRATEGIA DE PESQUISA: As bases de dados Web of Science, Medline, SciELO e Lilacs foram consultadas para o levantamento das referencias bibliograficas publicadas nos ultimos cinco anos. CRITERIOS DE SELECAO: Foram selecionados os artigos publicados em periodicos com revisao por pares. Foram utilizados como criterios de exclusao o idioma, o tipo de artigo, o tema e os artigos repetidos. Essa selecao resultou em 52 artigos, que foram analisados na integra. ANALISE DOS DADOS: Foram consideradas as informacoes referentes a autor, periodico e data; titulo; tema e abordagem; casuistica; criterios de inclusao e exclusao e conclusoes. RESULTADOS: Os artigos abordam processos de intervencao, revisoes de literatura, formacao profissional e a contribuicao dos pais no processo de intervencao. Apenas quatro artigos relatam a contribuicao dos pais na aplicacao dos principios da ABA no ambiente domestico. Os estudos sobre formacao profissional enfatizam a valorizacao da formacao especializada. A maioria das revisoes de literatura conclui que os processos de intervencao sao controversos, caros e dependentes de fatores externos. Embora artigos que relatam processos de intervencao envolvam 663 participantes, nao e possivel a realizacao de meta-analise devido a ausencia de criterios de inclusao e caracterizacao comparaveis. CONCLUSAO: Nao ha evidencia suficiente para corroborar a preponderância da ABA sobre outras alternativas.

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