Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: A Tool for Applied Rheologists

GENERIC is reviewed not only as a new general framework for modeling nonequilibrium systems, but also as a new way of thinking about nonequilibrium dynamics. This unified framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is shown to be deeply rooted in the ample accumulated experience with nonequilibrium systems and, provided that state variables with slow and fast time-evolution can be separated, the framework can actually be derived. In view of its natural capability of modeling systems on different levels of description, GENERIC is ideal for the highly topical attempts of .bridging scales. in science and engineering. The practical usefulness of GENERIC as a powerful tool in the phenomenological and structure-guided modeling of complex fluids is illustrated through two examples. GENERIC wird nicht nur als allgemeiner Rahmen zur Modellierung von Nichtgleichgewichtssystemen prasentiert, sondern auch als vollig neuartige Sichtweise von Nichtgleichgewichtsdynamik. Es wird gezeigt, das dieser vereinheitlichte Rahmen der Thermodynamik des Nichtgleichgewichts tief im umfassenden Erfahrungsschatz uber Nichtgleichgewichtssysteme verankert ist und das er sogar streng abgeleitet werden kann, vorausgesetzt das die Zustandsvariablen mit langsamer und schneller Zeitentwicklung getrennt werden konnen. In Anbetracht der Tatsache, das man mit GENERIC in naturlicher Weise Systeme auf verschiedenen Ebenen mit unterschiedlicher Auflosung beschreiben kann, ist dieser Formalismus ideal fur die hochaktuellen Versuche, Skalen zu uberbrucken. Die Nutzlichkeit von GENERIC bei der phanomenologischen und durch ein molekulares Verstandnis geleiteten Modellierung komplexer Flussigkeiten wird durch zwei Beispiele belegt.

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